Shakespeares Othello

Shakespeares Othello Language plays a very important role in all of Shakespeares plays. When Shakespeare performed his plays, no scenery and very few props were used. This meant that the language had to set an atmosphere, whether it is high in tension or a light hearted conversation. Use of language was also very important, as the vast majority of the audience was made up of common people. This meant that he had to make the language compelling and accessible. He does this by including jokes and curses, even in his tragedies. This comic relief is also used to create contrast and highlight the tragic sections, for example the Clown in Othello directly after act 3 scene 3, a very serious emotional part of the play. Language is also used to distinguish between the important characters and the lesser roles. The main characters like Othello tend to speak mostly in verse; this gives them a sense of superiority and elegance, while the less important speak in short, un-poetic sentences highlighting the difference . In this essay, I will look at how power and control influences the play and how the different characters use it, in particularly Iago. I will also look at how power and control shifts between the characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power plays a very important role in the plot and overall outcome of this play. Power is used to create control and vice versa. This is very important as it allows Iago, who is lower ranking than Othello, to generate power through controlling Cassio and ultimately Othello. The fact that the play is set within the higher ranks of the Venetian army allows clear divisions in power to be highlighted immediately, and Othello being the General automatically puts him at the top of the triangle of power. However, as the play unfolds, the power seems to shift to Iago, the villain of the play. Right at the very beginning, Iagos manipulative nature is revealed when he convinces Roderigo to give Iago all of his money in return for helping Roderigo win Desdemonas hand, which is obviously a false promise. This allows Shakespeare to show that although Iago lacks power socially and within the army, he is adept at controlling others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Controlling others is something which Iago repeatedly does throughout the play. In act 2 scene 3, he displays his control over Cassio, when he tries to make him drink. Like the beginning, even though Cassio is a higher rank that Iago, he still lets Iago bully him into drinking. At first, Iago suggests that he should drink for Othello and Desdemona and when Cassio refuses he implies that he is therefore a bad friend O, they are our friends. When Cassio still refuses Iago becomes more aggressive in his speech What, man! Tis a night of revels; the gallants desire it. When Cassio leaves to fetch the men at the door Iago has his first soliloquy, in which he reveals his intentions. If I fasten but one cup upon him, with that which he hath drunk tonight already, Hell be as full of quarrel and offence (II, iii, 41-43). In this soliloquy, Iago moves into verse, this could be to show the real Iago to the audience, not just the manipulative acting which h e puts on. Another reason for Iago going into verse is to make him appear more important in the play. Othello also controls others of a higher rank, albeit not in the manipulative nature of Iago, in Act 1 Scene 3 when Brabantio accuses him of stealing Desdemona and corrupting her using spells and medicines. Othello stays calm, also demonstrating his self control and talks his way out of it using long speeches in blank verse. In this speech, Othello repeatedly refers to the fact that he has a common tongue, Rude am I in my speech and little blessd with the soft phrase of peace, little grace I shall cause by speaking for myself. The reason for this self-criticism may be to emphasise that that what he is saying comes from the heart not the brain, demonstrating his love for Desdemona. This also reduces the sense of power and it makes Othello appear as just a man in love. Othello states that he is rude in speech, but he actually speaks very well, this could also be Othello showing his false modesty and trying to show off to Brabantio, questioning Othellos honesty. In stark contrast, Othel lo ends his speech with a contrasting last line, I won his daughter. This powerful last line restores his authority in the eyes of the Duke and the Senators.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This scene shows the power that accompanies self control, Iago also utilises this by showing a great deal of restraint when trying to convince Othello that Desdemona is unfaithful in act 3 scene 3. Did Michael Cassio, when you wood my lady, know of your Love? (III, iii 95-96) this question does not have any real meaning. However it gets Othello impatient and curious. He did from first to last. Why dost thou ask? to which Iago replies But for the satisfaction of m thought; No further harm. Iagos could have easily told Othello about Desdemona, but instead he resisted, this meant that Othello wanted to know even more. By putting Othello in this situation Iago used Othellos persistence to gain control and power over the situation. In unwillingly giving the information, Iago is laying down a false sense of trust. Throughout the scene Iago repeatedly reminds him of this, with constant remarks about how much he loves the moor. To show the love and dut y that I bear you, I humbly do beseech you of your pardon for too much loving you. During this scene, Othellos language is always changing. Sometimes he speaks in short broken up sentences, but then he composes himself and speaks in verse again. This shows the way that Othello is fighting jealousy. However when he finally gets proof that Desdemona is cheating in him, he loses all control and allows jealousy to take control of him, O monstrous! Monstrous!, Ill tear her all to pieces. Look here, Iago, all my fond love thus do I blow in heaven: Tis gone. Arise, black vengeance, from the hollow hell! Yield up, O love, thy crown and hearted throne to tyrannous hate!. (III, iii, 447-450) In this speech, Shakespeare shows that Othello has lost his self control by using punctuation to break up his once flowing sentences. The punctuation however would have only been visible to the actors. This means that they are more like stage directions than literary devices. Shakespeare used other stage directions to create a sense of power and superiority in this scene, like when Othello kneels at the end of his speech, (443-451). This shows visually Othello breaking down, and the fact that Iago is still standing symbolizes that Iago is the most powerful in this scene. In kneeling down, Othello also loses his stature and authority, as he is now below Iago. Do not rise yet. Here Iago shows his influence over Othello, Iago did not want Othello to rise by himself, it would make Othello feel more in control and powerful. Instead Iago joined him; this meant that Iago would conform to his position of sharing Othellos pain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One very prominent statement made by Iago, in which he compares jealousy to a green eyed monster (III,iii, L. 166) can be seen as an attempt to further his control over Othello by warning him of Jealousy. He goes on to say that the monster Mocks the meat it feeds on, in this he is suggesting that if Othello gives in to jealousy it will mock him. The word mock in this context may mean destroy and the meat could symbolize Othellos love for Desdemona. Friendship and trust is what holds the story together, and Iago knows this. By constantly reminding the characters of this and by showing his devotion to them, he gets into a position of having more influence over what they do and how they behave to a certain situation that they do. When Iago is trying to force Cassio to drink, he reminds him that O, they are our friends (II, iii, 32). They fact that he refers to them as our friends gives the impression that they share something in common, bringing them closer and also increasing the amount of trust that Cassio has for Iago. Trust is a major fact of that scene, as well as trying to gain trust with Cassio, he is also trying to break up the trust between him and Othello. At the beginning of the scene, you get a strong sense of friendship between Othello and Cassio. Good Michael, look you to the guard tonight. (II, iii, 1) by using Cassios first name it shows that they are close friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this play, Iago is a bit of an outsider, and has no relationships other than with his wife Emilia. When Iago is with Emilia, it shows his real persona attitude. Unlike with all the other characters, he shows no effort to show his devotion and love for her even though he is her wife. This is prominent in act 3 scene 3 when Emilia gives Iago Desdemonas handkerchief. When asked what will you do witht, Iago snatches it defensively and says Why, whats that to you? In this part of the scene, it shows Iagos lack of control and patience, something which is not evident in the rest of the play. This is very important, as this section of the play is very high paced and full of big events and big powerful scenes. This part of the scene also shows the real nasty side of Iago which you only previously saw in his quite frequent soliloquies outlining his plans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this play, power and control is a very important and ever changing factor, ultimately influencing the outcome of the play. Iago stays quite constantly emotionless showing his self control and Othello is the complete opposite, staying emotionally attached to almost every aspect. This in due course led to his death. This plays shows the power of the rumour, love and jealousy, not only in the play but in Elizabethan and modern day society. This is why; much like a lot of Shakespeares plays it shall always stay relevant.

The Psychoanalytic Effects

What is the potential outcome for the patient and therapists when physical touch is introduced into a therapy plan? And possible negative impacts to using this form of therapy will be discussed. It is known that physical contact does occur and that is why the discussion is one that must be brought to light. In the article â€Å"The Human Touch: An exploration of the role and meaning of physical touch in psychoanalysis† Toronto (2001), Ellen Toronto brings to light a very controversial and uneasy topic among psychologists.Because psychoanalysts see no logic for throwing out human touch as a means of â€Å"extra-analytic technique†, the Job f the human analysts becomes more defined and humane in regard to one on one therapy. Later in the article Toronto provides information on three case studies done where human touch was and was not beneficial for the outcome of therapy and explains the various reasoning behind why or why not the decision to touch was made. She also shar es her personal convictions and conflicts when faced with this decision.Toronto says that psychologists who study psychoanalytical techniques are against it and that many connect human touch and therapy with sexual intimacy or inappropriate interferences during treatment. Based off of the well balanced information given in this article, Ellen Toronto goes on to say that psychologists must become more cognizant of what it is that they are doing and hold into account that all forms of communication should be considered during phases of therapy.The viewpoint of most psychologists regarding hugs or even handshakes between the therapist and patient has been very negative and confusing. Toronto claims that human touch and the fact that it is happening, regardless of how people feel about it has been overlooked and ignored in some respects by practitioners and should be acknowledged. There have been reports of physical activity between therapists and patient. Toronto mentions that others s uch as Preference, Wainscot, Casement, Mclaughlin and Marrow view touching as an important and necessary form of communication in regard to analytical work.They believe that extra-analytic techniques such as self-discloser and holding are now viewed as very beneficial when performed cautiously and with regard to the situation. After further discussion between Toronto and her colleagues, she discovered that it does occur, usually with patients that are regressed, but the discussion was never formally admitted. Even though reasons for physical touch in the treatment form seem to be necessary, these acknowledgments from her peers seemed to be viewed as negative and guilt filled.This is the very reason why Ellen Toronto deems it necessary to expose the interactions that occur among the analyst and the analyzed. It provides valuable information on situations involving touching as part of treatment and sheds light on the types of circumstances where physical contact might be necessary for patients missing certain developmental stages in their human development. Human nines begin; in that we start off as infants, without being able to communicate verbally and only through touch and bodily fluids, as do mother and child.In the article, it is said that it is the mothering figure that sets the stage for early development. In the same sense the therapists possesses a comparable capability to provide a secure setting for the patient while also striving to understand what the patient is feeling or has felt. If a patient did not receive adequate time in this phase of life or if something traumatic happened directly after this stage then the patient is men as trapped in the â€Å"early mode†, which then allows for the touching portion of the therapy to take effect where verbal communication cannot.Early manifestation of maternal erotic transference is briefly discussed in Torso's article as being a transferred association of one's feelings of maternal love and creatin g to one that allows the same unconditional positive regard. Mostly all of this is nonverbal and is difficult to create with only verbal communication. Toronto asks how a therapist is supposed to work with patients that are remaining at a nonverbal level in some significant phases of their experiences. And how does a therapist define safety, regulation, engagement and acceptance verses rejection issues, a lot of which are learned nonverbally.Nonverbal communication has been viewed as a very existent part of therapy and so with regressed patients human touch can sometimes be the only link bridging the gap. Ellen Toronto approaches this topic with three case studies all involving the decision of physical touch as an analytical technique. The first two cases involved were both situations were Ellen believes physical touch of any kind would have had a negative impact on the outcome of treatment. The first case involved a man, mid ass's, who had an affair that almost destroyed his marria ge and in fear of it happening again, pursued mental health treatment.He expressed to Toronto that he thought of almost all women in a sexual way and that the only reason for him not having another affair was lack of opportunity. After a while the patient, who Toronto calls Nick began to express his sexual attraction toward her. He also began to move his chair close to hers at the beginning of each session while also describing his fantasies of seduction for her. During this time Ellen describes her Houghton and reasoning by saying â€Å"l could have asked him to move his chair but I felt that this measure of control was very important to him†.Ellen was also certain that Nick understood the limits in that he made no move to touch her throughout the entire treatment. She also reveals that inside she was not as calm and collected as she might have appeared on the outside. Nick in turn was able to express and explore the meaning of his behavior without participation or fear of d rawback from his therapists. This technique gave Nick a space to express himself in a limited but useful way and after two years of treatment eventually discovered healthier ways of connecting and communicating with his wife and family.The second case study shared by Toronto was one of a lady, mid ass's, who's failed suicide attempt and affair with her past therapists ultimately landed her in Ellen Torso's care. The woman Ellen calls Cynthia was described by Ellen as very overwhelming with demands and spoke a mile a minute. Toronto describes how she believes Cynthia had lived a life of constant self-exploitation through sexual encounters with previous men. This was a humpty of Cynthia specific social-cognitive learning experienced early in life.Cynthia also had a condition that Toronto explained as being a multiple, chemical sensitivity, which was a manifestation of an inability to cope with feeling overwhelmed and taxed by the world. Cynthia used this to control others, requiring t hem to respond to her illnesses as well as to shield her from being exploited. After a few reinstatement of what was and was not acceptable behavior during therapy sessions, Ellen was faced with a situation that required yet another drawing of the nine. Cynthia approached Ellen at the closing of a therapy session with a hug, but Ellen moved out of the way offering a hand shake instead.Later on Cynthia conveyed her understanding that Ellen could not allow that, given the history of her last relationship with her past therapist. Toronto goes on to explain how later realizing that anything more than a one to two handshakes would have resulted in confusion and overwhelming burden on Cynthia part. Ellen also explained that is was time for Cynthia to experience a relationship where she was able to be safe and have a hence to explore her own feelings without worrying about another's. Cynthia eventually went on to achieve some sovereignty and after two years of therapy eventually broke off her affair.Toronto expresses in her article the personal frustration and dealings with the knowledge of Cynthia affair with a therapists and his continual exploitation of her throughout the years. The Sarah case study involves a young woman, mid- ass, who was addicted to food, cigarettes, and marijuana. She was ending a relationship with a former boyfriend and was in danger of being fired hen she initiated treatment with Ellen Toronto. Throughout the past two cases Ellen attempts to provide a solid and safe interaction with her patients and does the same with Sarah by allowing her to freely speak and be herself.Ellen was able to dig up only fragments of Sarah's view of her own childhood after years of therapy with her. She described Sarah as not really being able to recall anything about her mother or an event where her sister was hospitalized. Although it was not conveyed, many believe Sarah suffered from a traumatic amnesia or repression (Wade C. , & Atavist C. , p. 287). Ellen ex plains that over the years Sarah learned to verbally communicate after Ellen studied the nonverbal data gathered and built patterns of meaning through them.Also Ellen explains that Sarah later became curious about Toronto and eventually desired to become closer to her. She thinks this change was an early manifestation of maternal erotic transference and discovered that Sarah was missing a developmental phase in her development that allowed her to verbalize what she was feeling. After a lot of time Sarah was able to start to verbalize what he was experiencing inside but later came to the realization that she was not able to â€Å"feel†. This began a request for Ellen Toronto to help her feel things. Sarah explained that the only way she could begin to feel is if Ellen held her hand.Ellen believing that this may have been the only way to help her experience some sort of emotion, in which after years had never shed one tear. Sarah reached out for her hand and Ellen decided to ta ke it. This eventually became more and more uncomfortable for the both of them and they eventually agreed to stop holding hands during the sessions. Ellen explains that she was feeling guilty for breaking the â€Å"no-touching† rule but that she was uncertain of a much more presence of fear that seemed to be shared by the both of them. Even though the decision was mutual, Sarah continued to ask to hold Allen's hand, at almost every session.With refusal of Ellen to do so she eventually was able to come to the conclusion that she could help Sarah with some but not all of her needs. Sarah eventually became more and more verbal in her disruption of what she was feeling and later went on to develop a way of expressing her moods by expressing various â€Å"selves†. CONCLUSION Ellen Toronto did a fantastic Job of conveying both sides of the issue of physical contact used as a form of therapy. Reports of what reactions each patient had and more interestingly what reactions she herself had to the possible introduction of physical activity between patient and therapist was eye opening.Even though each case study was unique, Ellen was able to assess the possible dangers of introducing physical contact into each individual therapy session. She was able to possess complete control over the situation when physical contact was initiated by Cynthia, he second case study patient and when physical contact was verbalized by Nick, her first case study patient. However, physical contact was made between herself and Sarah, the other case study patient. The effects deemed to be far more emotionally influential than she had expected.Ellen postured herself as the parental figure in this case more so than in the other case due to the emotional intelligence level of the patient. Her decision to take Sarah's hand that day was a decision that came from a long relationship between the two and slow emotional development of the patient. Ellen conveys that she had done all that she could do and that maybe this would help. Although Toronto felt it may have been a bad choice at first, the article later explains how the developmental process with Sarah continued to change and gradually got better.In each study done, help was ultimately administered. With case study 1, Nick was treated fairly and humanly, despite the inappropriate fertilization he decided to share with Ellen. Cynthia was given boundaries and a safe haven and ultimately was able deal with things in a healthier way. Sarah's case as the only situation where it seemed Ellen Toronto became emotionally invested. Toronto was verbally asked to participate on multiple occasions prior to her decision to hold Sarah's hand.The other two cases involved nonverbal communication regarding physical touching, Nick sitting closer, Cynthia initiating a hug. Sarah insisted that holding her hand would help. Was Ellen manipulated into making the decision to break the â€Å"no-touch† rule? After doing so Ellen expressed regret for this decision. It's not wrong that she used this form of therapy as treatment, but she old have possibly been emotionally invested more so than she realized which is why the decision was made to hold her hand and why it was also increasingly uncomfortable after doing so.Maybe if so much time had not gone by before this decision was made to touch, Torso's decision would have been different. The effect of this decision was confusion on both parts, as described earlier as being increasingly uncomfortable. This attempt at analyzing human beings with all forms of communication as we know it can definitely create unforeseen challenges and difficulties. Patients and therapists alike are human beings that come with individual feelings and perceptions.More case studies should be done on people that do not have serious mental issues or anything major pending in their lives. How would it affect someone who is Just dealing with everyday issues like marriage, bills, or rais ing children? Would the report reflect that a short hand shake or hug during a therapy session could make them feel any more dependent on their therapist or would it help to comfort someone dealing with the pressures of life? What would this type of search do to help cultures that do not touch ever in their everyday interactions with one another?Would touching during family counseling sessions help bridge the gap between conflicted family members or would it cause more uncomfortable feelings between each other? Studies like these could be done on people that have been confined in Jail because they have problems keeping their hands to themselves. Boundaries could be established and maybe victims of child molesters could become rehabilitated instead of Just another statistic. With this said, psychoanalytic psychology has a long way to go in the development of incorporating physical immunization into the therapy session.

Understand Child and Young Person Essay - 1816 Words

Unit 10 Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth - 19 years. 1.1 Physical Development, Communication and Intellectual development. Social, emotional and behavioural development. All babies, children and young people follow the same pattern when it comes to development but each person is unique. Every day they will grow, develop and learn at there own pace but following a similar basic pattern in their sequence of development. A child’s development can be measured through social, emotional, intellectual, physical and language developmental milestones. This is the Holistic Process when dealing with every aspect of the child and their environment. 1.2 The best way in which to describe†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Controls feet, legs and arms. †¢ Responds to own name. †¢ Is mobile and may be able to crawl, bum shuffle or even walk (dependent on child) †¢ Hold and Throws objects †¢ Will respond to simple instructions and may follow them. †¢ Is unintentionally aggressive to other children due to their egocentric behaviour. For example, all toys belong to them. †¢ May say first real word †¢ Develops gross motor skills; walking, running, climbing. 1-2 Years †¢ Will enjoy lights, sounds ,music and colours. Will sing and copy actions to rhymes. †¢ Is very mobile and will walk unaided. Develops their gross motor skills and enjoys to walk, run and climb. Can climb the stairs unaided and come down them with help. †¢ Will try to feed themselves and hold their own cup. †¢ Repeats words and may try to put them together to form a sentence. 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Compare and Contrast of the Sun and Moon - 1430 Words

Running Head: THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE SUN AND THE MOON The Similarities and Differences of the Sun and the Moon Kelsey Linder Marion Technical College The Similarities and Differences of the Sun and the Moon The solar system is one of the very first things that a child will learn about in school. Children will learn why there is night and day, why there are seasons, the different shapes of the moon, and all of that important stuff that is too easily forgotten, as time progresses. But whether one retains the basic knowledge of Earth’s sun and moon or not, the facts (similarities and differences) of these two celestial objects, are still very important. Without these facts, science†¦show more content†¦On one hand, you have the sun, without which life could not exist in this solar system. The sun provides Earth with light during the day and the moon however, seems to be the light at night. Which is actually a false assumption. The moon actually distributes no light whatsoever, it merely reflects the light of the sun (Recomparison). It is more like a mirage or a mirror, because it is just reflecting the light from the sun, not actually producing much light, if any, of its own. Now that some of the main differences have been explained, it is time to explain some of the similarities between the sun and the moon. Besides the obvious similarities of them both being celestial orbs floating around in space, and that they are specific to Earth’s solar system, there are two main similarities between the sun and moon. One very big similarity is the vast amount of information that is not known about the two, and the â€Å"strangeness† that scientists have observed about them. For instance, in January of 2010, the Internet began buzzing about SOHO (The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft) images which seem to show large spherical, reflective objects in the corona of the sun (Recomparison). 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The Moon is only visible at night. 2. The same half of the Moon is in darkness all the time – i.e. there is a dark side of the Moon. 3. The Moon goes around the Earth in a single day. 4. Phases of the moon are caused by a shadow from the Earth, clouds, or the Earth’s or Moon’s rotation. 5. The Moon is magnified when it is close to the horizon. Methods For each of my observations IRead MoreRomeo and Juliet: Romeos emotions for Juliet compared to Rosaline941 Words   |  4 Pagesis the sun. Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,† II, ii, 1-3 The question at the beginning shows that Romeo is hopeful. He wishes that it is Juliet at the window but he cannot be sure. There are lots of soft consonant sounds in the first line: ‘s†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘†¦f†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘l†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘y†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘w†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The sound of the soft consonants makes Romeo’s voice seem gentler and softer so the audience can hear that his love for Juliet is not aggressive but sweeter. He compares Juliet to the sun next. 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V. 24-25) It is evident that Kate knows that the sun and the moon will remain sun and moon despite what Petruchio says, yet she says the contrary of her belief, conveying the sarcasm of her statement. Shakespeare uses sarcasmRead MoreSamuel Taylor Coleridge s The Rime Of The British Romantic Movement1065 Words   |  5 Pagesused was the sun. He regularly used the sun to symbolize God. In â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,† Coleridge co mpares the sun to â€Å"God’s own head†, essentially glorifying his power and foundation of life on earth. This poem has eleven references to the sun, many of which show the old Christian view of a merciless God. During the day, troubling things continued happening to the crew, while smooth sailing and good weather happened at night by the light of the moon. Ultimately, the sun represents God’sRead MoreYing Yang Symbol1120 Words   |  5 Pagesof in today’s popular culture as a reference to the Sun (yang) the moon (yin) and the universe. Allen Tsai’s article provides some insight into the origins of the symbol itself, the meaning behind the curvature of the symbol, and how the Chinese symbol has found a place in popular culture. Allen Tsai goes into explicit detail on how the Chinese developed a surprising understanding of the stars and how they used the constellations and the sun to determine the seasons, the length of a calendar yearRead More Across the Universe - a Virtual Field Trip Through Our Solar System1473 Words   |  6 PagesSystem, how planets and other bodies are classified, and how planets orbit the Sun. [pic] Now, answer the following questions or problems related to the Solar System in your journal. WEEK 2: Earth and the Moon [pic] Your next stop is our home planet Earth and its moon-the Moon. At this stop, you will read about the Earth and Moon and answer questions before seeing the sights. To begin this part of your tripRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Analysis940 Words   |  4 Pageswould shame those stars†, and other words such as â€Å"heaven† (Line 21) and â€Å"Bright† (Line 22). The writer celestial imagery to convey Romeo’s Thoughts towards her. Firstly, He compares an insignificant human to celestial bodies. But to Romeo, she is everything to him. Furthermore, He uses the word â€Å"Shame† (Line 18) to compare the difference between the stars and Juliet. Connotations of â€Å"Shame† are attaint, dishonour and embarrass. This means that Romeo is confident that Juliet is the girl he wantsRead MorePhol685 Words   |  3 Pagesfossil. 2. Describe how the revolution of the Earth around the sun affects the seasons. Give one example supporting your answer (6.E.1.1) Answer: Revolution is defined as the orbital path a celestial body follows around the sun, or other celestial body. AS the Earth is close to the sun, the sunrays are able to reach the Earth a short distance allowing the Earth to become warmer. When the Earth moves away from the sun, the rays do not reach the earth. The Earth at a persistent distance

Respiratory Infections And The Aged Adult - 1737 Words

Respiratory Infection Related to the Aged Adult Despite the multiple layers of protection the human body has against infection, bacteria and viruses still have the potential to breach the hosts defense system causing a cascade of issues. In addition, the aged adult can experience some changes to the immune system, creating more risk factors for infection. In this paper I will be discussing respiratory infections related to the aged population. Specifically, a literature review will be conducted to explore normal values, assessment strategies, diagnostics, altered findings. Additionally, this information will be applied to nursing practice to discuss its implications and challenges. Normal Results of an Aged Adult The immune system is the bodies surveillance system to keep it safe from intruders. The important cells and organs inside the body are initially kept safe by mechanical barriers such as skin and cough reflexes. If the intruder gets past the physical barrier, there are security guards patrolling the body including good bacteria, buffers and pH changes and secretion of enzymes (Price, 2015, p.13). Unfortunately, this security system is not completely protected. There is potential for bacteria and viruses to get past each layer of defense causing an infection. When we are looking at the aged population and respiratory infection, there are many changes the pulmonary system experiences throughout time. Sharman Goodwin (2006) discuss the common changes includingShow MoreRelatedAbstract. The Common Cold And Influenza Are Two Common1156 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The common cold and Influenza are two common illnesses of the upper respiratory tract. These illness can often be mistaken for each other due to the overlapping symptoms. The two symptoms that seem to present when the flu is occurring are a fever with a cough. Prevention is also similar for both of the illnesses with the exception of an actual vaccine that can be administered annually for flu prevention. Diagnosis can occur in the physicians office according to the individuals symptoms thatRead MoreEssay887 Words   |  4 Pageshealth connections of lower respiratory infections to Canada At the local level, it is evident that South Sudan is a country with a significant number of its populations suffering from communicable lower respiratory infections as previously indicated (see appendix 5). On a global scale, many countries also have to deal with the problem of lower respiratory infections. Even first class economies such as Canada have to deal with the problem of lower respiratory infections. Just like South Sudan, infantsRead MoreSymptoms and Treatment of Mononucleosis1261 Words   |  5 Pagesfollowed by an acute phase of 2 to 8 weeks. During this time, the virus can shed intermittently. Although immunity usually results after infection, in rare cases the disease may recur periodically. Mononucleosis, or mono, is often spread by saliva and close contact. Often referred to as the kissing disease, it mainly occurs in persons aged 15 to 17. However, the infection may develop at any age. Other risk factors include sharing contaminated eating utensils as well as cough or sneeze. Symptoms Drowsiness Read MoreInfluenza Is A Contagious Infection Of The United States Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesA virus that spreads to over three million Americans per year is Influenza, commonly known as the flu. Influenza is a contagious infection of the respiratory tract causing fever, severe aches and pains, and often occurs in epidemics. This virus is one of the ten leading causes of death in the United States. For people with a normal immune system, the disease usually lasts about a week. Usually the only people who have a higher risk of being severely affected by the flu are babies, young childrenRead MoreRespiratory Syncytial Virus1638 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS Respiratory Syncytial Virus Breanna Kennelly Apollo College Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes acute respiratory tract infection in patients of all ages and is one of the most popular diseases of childhood. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which manifests primarily as bronchiolitis and/or viral pneumonia, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract (LRT) infection in infants and young children. RSV is the most common causeRead MoreEvaluation Of An Integrated Care Pathway1379 Words   |  6 Pagesheading this topic is the National Institute for Health and care Excellence (NICE). Under the pneumonia pathway I will concentrate on the â€Å"Adult with community acquired pneumonia path which is within the pathway. Pneumonia, is a lower respiratory tract infection in which there is an inflammation of the lung(s) caused by a bacterial, viral or fungal infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia (Oxford dictionary of nursing). Pneumonia is often characterisedRead MoreIntegrating Burns And Infection Control1728 Words   |  7 PagesIntegrating Burns and Infection Control Abstract: An understanding of the structure of the integumentary system will assist in understanding how burn injuries affect the entire human body. The skin preforms anatomical and physiological functions which are essential to life. Damage to this system has the potential to cause irreversible chain reactions and wide spread systemic collapse that can lead to death. 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A childs body is still developing and highly susceptible to the harmful effects of their environments. â€Å"Exposure to the poisons in secondhand smoke puts them at risk of severe respiratory diseases and can hinder the growth of their lungs† (ANR), among numerous other diseases and death. â€Å"Secondhand smoke exposure in motor vehicles may be associated with nicotine dependence symptoms among young never-smokers† (ANR). Due to the harmfulRead MorePulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Complex ( Mac ) Infection1337 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Abstract Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection may represent the next major health concern for immunocompromised patients; however the exact pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Current therapy consists of combined antibiotic treatment but bacterial eradication is frequently unsuccessful and the appearance of macrolide-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains is cause for concern. In other mycobacterial disease such as tuberculosis (TB), infected mononuclear cells

Human Alienation Free Essays

string(57) " to keep the system moving-even if it causes alienation\." My research report is focused on the reasons behind alienation (forced/chosen) within the human race. I looked into three vastly different sections of society which all reflect alienation. Schindler’s list, directed by Steven Spielberg and the Telephone conversation by Wole Soyinke strongly express racial alienation. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Alienation or any similar topic only for you Order Now One is from a historical background in Europe during world war two and the other in modern European society (2002) Both of these texts show similar aspects of the human race that cause alienation. The next section I investigated was phycological alienation. I studied Girl Interrupted, directed by James Mangold and Wrestling with the Angel by Michael King. There is a twenty year gap between these texts but not a lot of difference in the treatment of of those believed to be mentally unstable. The last segment of society I looked into was religion. I chose to research the Crucible, directed by Nicholas Hyther and a text set in modern society – Plain Truth by Jodi Picoult. Both texts show how nonconforming leads to alienation no matter the religion. After exploring three different aspects f society and history it became clear that no matter what, humans will always find a way to alienate others as it is a way to personally benefit. Through the racial aspect, power of numbers against another race is used to gain overall power. In the phycological segment it is the urging of society that wants a ‘normal’ way of life that causes alienation of those who don’t conform. Religiously, people want power of numbers and to be a part of that group you must conform without failure. It seems that alienation is impossible to eradicate as it is human nature to compete against one another – in the end it is ‘survival of the fittest. ’ Racial Alienation: Power is the cause of racial alienation. Humans thrive off and starve for power-we need it to control our lives and have order and strength in society. Sometimes power can become a negative when in the wrong hands. This is obvious from the disasters of the Holocaust in Germany, World War Two. Schindler’s List, directed by Steven Spielberg showed (throughout the film) the alienating effects of the Jewish ghettos and concentration camps where Jews were segregated and killed by the thousands. This was due to the unstoppable power of the German Nazi party lead by Hitler. One scene that is effective in conveying this is when the Jews are being forced from their homes into the ghetto. Close up shots of fear on their faces and high angle shots show their vulnerability to the immense power of the Germans. The parallel of Oskar Schindler moving into a luxurious, spacious room accents the consequences of power for those on the wrong end. Spielberg’s use of contrast between the situations shows how grim life is for the Jewish people being alienated from their own lives. The Telephone conversation by Wole Soyinke expresses racial oppression caused by power of the English white race. This oppression is on a lower scale than the Holocaust but it is still wrong. After the horrors of the Holocaust etched in history, many think that we humans would learn from our mistakes. I believe people cannot-however it is improving from history but alienation still occurs in the modern world. Wole Soyinke uses mood sarcasm and irony in his poetic satire about racism in western modern society. The poem concentrated on a small telephone conversation but is employed by the poet to apply to a broader level to show alienation throughout society. The poem begins peacefully as visual judgements are non existent at this stage. When the man reveals his race the whole mood changes. A sudden caesura in line six emphasises the impact that the man’s revealing his race has. From here on the mood is uneasy and apprehensive as the white woman makes it uncomfortable for the â€Å"African man†. Soyinke’s use of the word â€Å"confession† to describe the exposing of the man’s race is very sarcastic in that being an African must be sinful. This is an obvious display of how humans alienate each other without even giving one the chance to prove their worth in society. Both Spielberg and Soyinke use certain techniques to try and convey how those who have more power such as German Nazi’s and white English race, alienate those they see as ‘below’ them to benefit themselves. By looking at the time difference of these text it is obvious that racial alienation continues throughout society no matter the time/place. The main purpose of both of those texts is to show the absurdness of racism and how ridiculous it is to judge someone on the way they look. Both texts display the evil of human nature in the way we intentionally alienate others to improve our own situation. The Germans during the Holocaust were of an advanced economy with a sophisticated education system, yet they entrusted their fate to a man who made no secret of his mass murder and segregation. I elieve it occurred because Germany was in hard times after the placement of the Treaty of Versailles and they followed Hitler and forgot their morals in the hope that their lives would improve. While the Jews suffered miserably this thinking is the same of white English people that were shown as racists in Soyinke’s poem. For them to hold and maintain the best jobs, houses and education, they a s a group alienate blacks so they can’t ever rise in social class, or wealth. This technique is the same as the Germans, forcing another race into oppression to become the stronger, wealthier and better educated race. It is clear that the white race is the cause of alienation throughout the world as they do not want to lose their societal position to races the believe are less civilised than their own. Maybe we will never live in a world of equality as competition is the way to keep the system moving-even if it causes alienation. You read "Human Alienation" in category "Essay examples" Overall it is power that causes racial alienation, the human race naturally thirsts for it-the fittest hold it and use it to their advantage, this leads to racism and segregation of races. Psychological alienation; Mental illness has been confused with the non conforming nature of some in the past. James Mangold, director of Girl Interrupted provides a sad truth of the diagnosis a young girl in the 1960’s as having a ‘borderline personality’. She narrates the story with a dispassionate voice which conveys the detachment and alienation she feels from life. Kayson was diagnosed with her illness because she had â€Å"uncertainty of long term goals, instability of self image and social contrariness. † I believe she had every right to wonder why she was placed into a mental hospital when not all normal teenagers would satisfy that list either. Through the character of Kayson we see the haunted life in the mental hospital and the seclusion from the real world. What’s more is that Kayson really didn’t have a mental illness, she just didn’t always conform with the ways of society. Those who did conform saw her as a blemish to society and she was then to be ‘purified’ by the isolation of a mental hospital. It is a fault of human beings that we are so quick to judge those who dare to be different from the social norm. This is also obvious in ‘Wrestling with the Angel’ by Michael King. This biography is based in Janet Frame’s life. Focusing on her time at Seacliff hospital we can see how wrongly she was judged by doctors. King used metaphor to show the alienation of the hospital: â€Å"Many patients who entered Seacliff had no name, no past, no future, only an imprisoned now, an eternal Island without its accompanying horizons. † The hospital really was a prison in the middle of nowhere with no way out. The use of the word â€Å"Island† illustrates how isolated Frame was from the world. Not only was she physically isolated from the world, Janet felt personally alienated by society; â€Å" I felt as if my life were overturned by this sudden division of people into ordinary people in the street and the secret people whom few had seen or talked to but whom many spoke of with derision,laughter or fear. † This quote directly shows the judging by society of those who are labelled (wrongly in Frame’s case) as mentally unstable. People cannot help but create division between those they believe that aren’t normal and this is obvious through the characters Kayson and Janet. The context of the two texts relate to the alienation of characters as at the times these are set, social conformance was necessary to be deemed as sane. In Girl Interrupted, the main character Kayson had her adolescence coincide with the rise of the late nineteen sixties youth culture. The older generations were startled by the dispatching of traditional values by young people. Their unconventional music, anti war opinions and drug culture was in fact alien to them. Because of this they placed people away in mental hospitals. Kayson’s rejection of her school and career was a mental disturbance to her parents and they never understood her uncertainty at a confusing time. This psychological alienation came down to nonconformance with traditional values and the superior group (elders) not understanding the youth. This idea of alienation caused by misunderstanding is also clear in Wrestling With The Angel. King argued that Frames â€Å"strangeness of perception was misdiagnosed as schizophrenia† People at the time didn’t understand her way of thinking. Doctors intercepted letters in which she described gorse smelling like peanut butter. From this they took her as disorded, confusing a bread spread with a spiky bush rather than understanding her creative mind. From this it is apparent how society and those in positions of power (like the Nazi Germans and the white English are described under racial alienation) judge others who are non conformant with the strict guidelines most people follow. Characters Kayson and Frame portray uniqueness within a race that forces uniformity. They are stepping out of the majority. Society forces alienation upon them as they treat them like problems and isolate them. This creates internal feelings of alienation when really these people have done nothing wrong. The people in positions of power and those who hide their true identity to conform are what cause the alienation of those brave enough to be different. The world would be a sad place if everyone was the same. Today medication and therapy can help people with real disorders rather than putting them away. This however never fixes the issue of psychological alienation as humans will always judge others to either make themselves feel better ir because they feel they are better than that person. Anyone who stands out from the crowd wold be judged, but thankfully today, people are more aware of the importance of acceptance and individuality. Religious alienation: Religion can cause people to lose their freedom and identity as it forces them to conform. Those who follow a religion must abide by its rules in order to be accepted in the religious group. In the Crucible, directed by Nicholas Hyther, the entire nation follows the strict Puritan religion. This movie is set in a theocratic society where the state and the church are one and moral laws and state laws also. There is no space for non conformity. One character, Elizabeth is alienated from the community as she was accused of performing witchcraft. Although it was untrue, this ‘act’ of non conformance led to her isolation from her livelihood. The intolerance of certain things at this time caused great alienation or death for many women if charged with witchcraft. The theme of Hysteria in this text shows how people thrive on it when they benefit from it. Those accusing Elizabeth of witchcraft benefitted from it as they gained her possessions. Hysteria suspends the rules of everyday life and allows the acting out of people’s dark desires underneath their displayed ‘righteousness. ’ † Not only has religion forced the oppression of people’s true identities, it allows people to use it as a weapon to alienate others to benefit themselves. This theme is consistent throughout all of the texts studied. In life, there will always be selfish people trying to improve their position by hurting / alienating others. Strict religious societies cause this because it is against human nature to always conform. Non conformity in religious groups is punished with alienation. As described before, in religious groups if the rules are not followed there are consequences. In â€Å"Plain Truth’ by Jodi Picoult a certain character (Jacob) is alienated because he chose not to conform. A rule in the Amish community is that education is banned from eighth grade onwards. For Jacob, his willingness to learn caused him to go to university and be banned form the Amish community which included the only people he knew. His father thought of him as a â€Å"dead son† To the people in the Amish community they are one identity, one people. Speaking out against this is looked down upon. For these people there is no room for deviation from their social norm so they continue to conform. I wonder why anyone would choose this; to lose their own identity for a community so strict you cannot choose what to do with your life. However, each member is entitled to stay or leave. The problem is that alienation is created either way – if you stay you lead a life of isolation from the modern world, if you leave you have all the freedom yet you are â€Å"all alone when all you have ever known is how to be part of the group. † Overall, religious groups that force conformity create alienation no matter what. In the end what is important to the world on a whole is that diversity is expected and respected and everybody has a choice to be who they want to be without being judged. In conclusion, alienation is worldwide today, it will be tomorrow and it has occurred right throughout history. My research has shown that one of the main causes of alienation is the need for power. This is most obvious in Schindler’s list and the Telephone Conversation but it also links in with control over groups in psychological alienation and religious alienation. When one group or single person has control over many they will use this to benefit themselves. It is human nature to want what is best for yourself, this use of power is inevitable. In Girl Interrupted and Wrestling With The Angel it is obvious that at times of lack of scientific and psychological understanding, many people were alienated for not being what society had decided as ‘normal. ’ Characters such as Kayson and Frame suffered because their individuality shone but it hurt the eyes of those in positions to diagnose mental illness. From these texts it was clear that human beings are too quick to judge those who are different from the rest, rather than accepting their uniqueness. In saying that, in modern society we are becoming better at understanding others and the beauty in difference. Religious alienation has links with other types but more closely with psychological. In religious groups conformity is expected or alienation is put in place. Through the texts, The Crucible and Plain Truth one can understand how alienation is inescapable after being part of a strict religion. If you do not conform you are alienated. If you do conform you alienate yourself from your true identity. Leaving the group causes alienation also as you are all alone after only ever knowing how to fit in. Whichever choice one would make would lead them to alienation. In the end the world entire cannot avoid alienation. People will always compete for a better position; it is the nature of any specie on this planet. The only way to have a positive result is to make sure that the wrong people who have murderous and revengeful motives don’t gain positions of power as events such as the Holocaust could repeat. Small scale alienation will always continue in the modern world, as will competition but outright racism and discrimination is wrong and should be stopped. How to cite Human Alienation, Essay examples

Corporate Social Responsibility and Governance- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance. Answer: Case background Byte products limited is company operating in the computer hardware industry and is currently facing a supply demand problem in the country. They have 32% market share in the industry. The existing three plants of the company are not efficient enough to meet the market demand target. Therefore, the company CEO Mr. James has came to conclusion to source a plant in Plainville for 3 years. However, one of the Board member is strictly against of the decision. Case issues and objectives The argument of the two board members is over that they are going to commit a irresponsibility toward the people who will gather in Plainville attracted towards job opportunities they will find in the factory hardware. The objective of the case is to analyse the level of corporate irresponsibility they will perform while taking the plan to action and the legal aspect of the decision (Esposito 2012). The ethical values of the companies; facing similar situation and impact of the strategic decision in the future employee and the people of the town. The corporate governance in action power of negotiation backed by strong values and insights Problem statement analysis The dilemma of the case lies in the decision of expanding the business in Plainville where there is a old non functioning factory to use. The only concern regarding the decision is of Mr Williams who points out that the company is side stepping its corporate social responsibility while divulging in the decision (Rahim 2013). After building the plant in Plainville, they will attract 1200 people and 4000 more including the family of the labours. However, the decision is very risky to stay in Plainville for more than 3 years. In addition, the board members have agreed this plan is temporary to stay in the area. After 3 years they will uproot their business from the plant while setting the plant elsewhere, where their will not be any sacrifice in cost and profitability. The CEO of the company does not want to take the decision further if there is any chance of unrecoverable risk factor involved. Theories and application of corporate legality vs. corporate responsibility Forecasting the strategic decision taken for the sake of the future employees will give the CEO an insight to the profitability decision. The lack of planning has pushed the company to face the dilemma of the current situation they are involved. The stopgap solution has some risk involved as having the high labour cost, new warehouse cost, and presence of strong union in the territory can bring down the forecasted profitability (Brammer Jackson Matten 2012). Having known the job is temporary can involve apathy among the labour, which can lead to low quality products and high turnover. Not knowing the temporariness of the job can lead to bigger legal problem in the future for the company (Lanis Richardson 2012). Employee relationship will be difficult to manage in the current business scenario. That is why the Board executive Mr. Williams opinion and views regarding the scenario needs to be taken into account while taking the final decision and forecasting any the reverse opportunity. Recommendation Opening a new temporary plant is needed to extend the capacity. Opening the temporary plant in the Plainville, while seeking other permanent option is also suggested. The responsibility of the company will be to offer an alternative job opportunity at the new permanent plan. That way they can ensure the prospective reputation of the company remain intact. This will also increase the CSR value of the company. Reference Brammer, S., Jackson, G., Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-economic review,10(1), 3-28. Esposito, R. T. (2012). The social enterprise revolution in corporate law: A primer on emerging corporate entities in Europe and the United States and the case for the benefit corporation.Wm. Mary Bus. L. Rev.,4, 639. Lanis, R., Richardson, G. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,31(1), 86-108. Rahim, M. M. (2013).Legal regulation of corporate social responsibility: A meta-regulation approach of law for raising CSR in a weak economy. Springer Science Business Media.