Respiratory Infections And The Aged Adult - 1737 Words

Respiratory Infection Related to the Aged Adult Despite the multiple layers of protection the human body has against infection, bacteria and viruses still have the potential to breach the hosts defense system causing a cascade of issues. In addition, the aged adult can experience some changes to the immune system, creating more risk factors for infection. In this paper I will be discussing respiratory infections related to the aged population. Specifically, a literature review will be conducted to explore normal values, assessment strategies, diagnostics, altered findings. Additionally, this information will be applied to nursing practice to discuss its implications and challenges. Normal Results of an Aged Adult The immune system is the bodies surveillance system to keep it safe from intruders. The important cells and organs inside the body are initially kept safe by mechanical barriers such as skin and cough reflexes. If the intruder gets past the physical barrier, there are security guards patrolling the body including good bacteria, buffers and pH changes and secretion of enzymes (Price, 2015, p.13). Unfortunately, this security system is not completely protected. There is potential for bacteria and viruses to get past each layer of defense causing an infection. When we are looking at the aged population and respiratory infection, there are many changes the pulmonary system experiences throughout time. Sharman Goodwin (2006) discuss the common changes includingShow MoreRelatedAbstract. The Common Cold And Influenza Are Two Common1156 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The common cold and Influenza are two common illnesses of the upper respiratory tract. These illness can often be mistaken for each other due to the overlapping symptoms. The two symptoms that seem to present when the flu is occurring are a fever with a cough. Prevention is also similar for both of the illnesses with the exception of an actual vaccine that can be administered annually for flu prevention. Diagnosis can occur in the physicians office according to the individuals symptoms thatRead MoreEssay887 Words   |  4 Pageshealth connections of lower respiratory infections to Canada At the local level, it is evident that South Sudan is a country with a significant number of its populations suffering from communicable lower respiratory infections as previously indicated (see appendix 5). On a global scale, many countries also have to deal with the problem of lower respiratory infections. Even first class economies such as Canada have to deal with the problem of lower respiratory infections. Just like South Sudan, infantsRead MoreSymptoms and Treatment of Mononucleosis1261 Words   |  5 Pagesfollowed by an acute phase of 2 to 8 weeks. During this time, the virus can shed intermittently. Although immunity usually results after infection, in rare cases the disease may recur periodically. Mononucleosis, or mono, is often spread by saliva and close contact. Often referred to as the kissing disease, it mainly occurs in persons aged 15 to 17. However, the infection may develop at any age. Other risk factors include sharing contaminated eating utensils as well as cough or sneeze. Symptoms Drowsiness Read MoreInfluenza Is A Contagious Infection Of The United States Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesA virus that spreads to over three million Americans per year is Influenza, commonly known as the flu. Influenza is a contagious infection of the respiratory tract causing fever, severe aches and pains, and often occurs in epidemics. This virus is one of the ten leading causes of death in the United States. For people with a normal immune system, the disease usually lasts about a week. Usually the only people who have a higher risk of being severely affected by the flu are babies, young childrenRead MoreRespiratory Syncytial Virus1638 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS Respiratory Syncytial Virus Breanna Kennelly Apollo College Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes acute respiratory tract infection in patients of all ages and is one of the most popular diseases of childhood. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which manifests primarily as bronchiolitis and/or viral pneumonia, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract (LRT) infection in infants and young children. RSV is the most common causeRead MoreEvaluation Of An Integrated Care Pathway1379 Words   |  6 Pagesheading this topic is the National Institute for Health and care Excellence (NICE). Under the pneumonia pathway I will concentrate on the â€Å"Adult with community acquired pneumonia path which is within the pathway. Pneumonia, is a lower respiratory tract infection in which there is an inflammation of the lung(s) caused by a bacterial, viral or fungal infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia (Oxford dictionary of nursing). Pneumonia is often characterisedRead MoreIntegrating Burns And Infection Control1728 Words   |  7 PagesIntegrating Burns and Infection Control Abstract: An understanding of the structure of the integumentary system will assist in understanding how burn injuries affect the entire human body. The skin preforms anatomical and physiological functions which are essential to life. Damage to this system has the potential to cause irreversible chain reactions and wide spread systemic collapse that can lead to death. DermNet NZ (2006) Introduction: Burns are an everyday occurrence in the New Zealand contextRead MoreEpidemiology of Smoking688 Words   |  3 Pagestheir incidence of asthma, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), ear infections, and respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis. Smoking affects all ages, young and old. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) statistics for the prevalence of smoking in adults in Colorado, aged 18+ years, is 16.0%, and the prevalence of smoking among the youth in Colorado, aged 12-17 years is 15.7%. Adult’s aged 35+ had a mortality rate of 237.6 per 100,000 during 2000-2004 thatRead MoreThe Right to Breath With Ease1420 Words   |  6 Pagesarsenic, found in many pesticides (Report of the Surgeon General). A childs body is still developing and highly susceptible to the harmful effects of their environments. â€Å"Exposure to the poisons in secondhand smoke puts them at risk of severe respiratory diseases and can hinder the growth of their lungs† (ANR), among numerous other diseases and death. â€Å"Secondhand smoke exposure in motor vehicles may be associated with nicotine dependence symptoms among young never-smokers† (ANR). Due to the harmfulRead MorePulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Complex ( Mac ) Infection1337 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Abstract Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection may represent the next major health concern for immunocompromised patients; however the exact pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Current therapy consists of combined antibiotic treatment but bacterial eradication is frequently unsuccessful and the appearance of macrolide-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains is cause for concern. In other mycobacterial disease such as tuberculosis (TB), infected mononuclear cells

Human Alienation Free Essays

string(57) " to keep the system moving-even if it causes alienation\." My research report is focused on the reasons behind alienation (forced/chosen) within the human race. I looked into three vastly different sections of society which all reflect alienation. Schindler’s list, directed by Steven Spielberg and the Telephone conversation by Wole Soyinke strongly express racial alienation. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Alienation or any similar topic only for you Order Now One is from a historical background in Europe during world war two and the other in modern European society (2002) Both of these texts show similar aspects of the human race that cause alienation. The next section I investigated was phycological alienation. I studied Girl Interrupted, directed by James Mangold and Wrestling with the Angel by Michael King. There is a twenty year gap between these texts but not a lot of difference in the treatment of of those believed to be mentally unstable. The last segment of society I looked into was religion. I chose to research the Crucible, directed by Nicholas Hyther and a text set in modern society – Plain Truth by Jodi Picoult. Both texts show how nonconforming leads to alienation no matter the religion. After exploring three different aspects f society and history it became clear that no matter what, humans will always find a way to alienate others as it is a way to personally benefit. Through the racial aspect, power of numbers against another race is used to gain overall power. In the phycological segment it is the urging of society that wants a ‘normal’ way of life that causes alienation of those who don’t conform. Religiously, people want power of numbers and to be a part of that group you must conform without failure. It seems that alienation is impossible to eradicate as it is human nature to compete against one another – in the end it is ‘survival of the fittest. ’ Racial Alienation: Power is the cause of racial alienation. Humans thrive off and starve for power-we need it to control our lives and have order and strength in society. Sometimes power can become a negative when in the wrong hands. This is obvious from the disasters of the Holocaust in Germany, World War Two. Schindler’s List, directed by Steven Spielberg showed (throughout the film) the alienating effects of the Jewish ghettos and concentration camps where Jews were segregated and killed by the thousands. This was due to the unstoppable power of the German Nazi party lead by Hitler. One scene that is effective in conveying this is when the Jews are being forced from their homes into the ghetto. Close up shots of fear on their faces and high angle shots show their vulnerability to the immense power of the Germans. The parallel of Oskar Schindler moving into a luxurious, spacious room accents the consequences of power for those on the wrong end. Spielberg’s use of contrast between the situations shows how grim life is for the Jewish people being alienated from their own lives. The Telephone conversation by Wole Soyinke expresses racial oppression caused by power of the English white race. This oppression is on a lower scale than the Holocaust but it is still wrong. After the horrors of the Holocaust etched in history, many think that we humans would learn from our mistakes. I believe people cannot-however it is improving from history but alienation still occurs in the modern world. Wole Soyinke uses mood sarcasm and irony in his poetic satire about racism in western modern society. The poem concentrated on a small telephone conversation but is employed by the poet to apply to a broader level to show alienation throughout society. The poem begins peacefully as visual judgements are non existent at this stage. When the man reveals his race the whole mood changes. A sudden caesura in line six emphasises the impact that the man’s revealing his race has. From here on the mood is uneasy and apprehensive as the white woman makes it uncomfortable for the â€Å"African man†. Soyinke’s use of the word â€Å"confession† to describe the exposing of the man’s race is very sarcastic in that being an African must be sinful. This is an obvious display of how humans alienate each other without even giving one the chance to prove their worth in society. Both Spielberg and Soyinke use certain techniques to try and convey how those who have more power such as German Nazi’s and white English race, alienate those they see as ‘below’ them to benefit themselves. By looking at the time difference of these text it is obvious that racial alienation continues throughout society no matter the time/place. The main purpose of both of those texts is to show the absurdness of racism and how ridiculous it is to judge someone on the way they look. Both texts display the evil of human nature in the way we intentionally alienate others to improve our own situation. The Germans during the Holocaust were of an advanced economy with a sophisticated education system, yet they entrusted their fate to a man who made no secret of his mass murder and segregation. I elieve it occurred because Germany was in hard times after the placement of the Treaty of Versailles and they followed Hitler and forgot their morals in the hope that their lives would improve. While the Jews suffered miserably this thinking is the same of white English people that were shown as racists in Soyinke’s poem. For them to hold and maintain the best jobs, houses and education, they a s a group alienate blacks so they can’t ever rise in social class, or wealth. This technique is the same as the Germans, forcing another race into oppression to become the stronger, wealthier and better educated race. It is clear that the white race is the cause of alienation throughout the world as they do not want to lose their societal position to races the believe are less civilised than their own. Maybe we will never live in a world of equality as competition is the way to keep the system moving-even if it causes alienation. You read "Human Alienation" in category "Essay examples" Overall it is power that causes racial alienation, the human race naturally thirsts for it-the fittest hold it and use it to their advantage, this leads to racism and segregation of races. Psychological alienation; Mental illness has been confused with the non conforming nature of some in the past. James Mangold, director of Girl Interrupted provides a sad truth of the diagnosis a young girl in the 1960’s as having a ‘borderline personality’. She narrates the story with a dispassionate voice which conveys the detachment and alienation she feels from life. Kayson was diagnosed with her illness because she had â€Å"uncertainty of long term goals, instability of self image and social contrariness. † I believe she had every right to wonder why she was placed into a mental hospital when not all normal teenagers would satisfy that list either. Through the character of Kayson we see the haunted life in the mental hospital and the seclusion from the real world. What’s more is that Kayson really didn’t have a mental illness, she just didn’t always conform with the ways of society. Those who did conform saw her as a blemish to society and she was then to be ‘purified’ by the isolation of a mental hospital. It is a fault of human beings that we are so quick to judge those who dare to be different from the social norm. This is also obvious in ‘Wrestling with the Angel’ by Michael King. This biography is based in Janet Frame’s life. Focusing on her time at Seacliff hospital we can see how wrongly she was judged by doctors. King used metaphor to show the alienation of the hospital: â€Å"Many patients who entered Seacliff had no name, no past, no future, only an imprisoned now, an eternal Island without its accompanying horizons. † The hospital really was a prison in the middle of nowhere with no way out. The use of the word â€Å"Island† illustrates how isolated Frame was from the world. Not only was she physically isolated from the world, Janet felt personally alienated by society; â€Å" I felt as if my life were overturned by this sudden division of people into ordinary people in the street and the secret people whom few had seen or talked to but whom many spoke of with derision,laughter or fear. † This quote directly shows the judging by society of those who are labelled (wrongly in Frame’s case) as mentally unstable. People cannot help but create division between those they believe that aren’t normal and this is obvious through the characters Kayson and Janet. The context of the two texts relate to the alienation of characters as at the times these are set, social conformance was necessary to be deemed as sane. In Girl Interrupted, the main character Kayson had her adolescence coincide with the rise of the late nineteen sixties youth culture. The older generations were startled by the dispatching of traditional values by young people. Their unconventional music, anti war opinions and drug culture was in fact alien to them. Because of this they placed people away in mental hospitals. Kayson’s rejection of her school and career was a mental disturbance to her parents and they never understood her uncertainty at a confusing time. This psychological alienation came down to nonconformance with traditional values and the superior group (elders) not understanding the youth. This idea of alienation caused by misunderstanding is also clear in Wrestling With The Angel. King argued that Frames â€Å"strangeness of perception was misdiagnosed as schizophrenia† People at the time didn’t understand her way of thinking. Doctors intercepted letters in which she described gorse smelling like peanut butter. From this they took her as disorded, confusing a bread spread with a spiky bush rather than understanding her creative mind. From this it is apparent how society and those in positions of power (like the Nazi Germans and the white English are described under racial alienation) judge others who are non conformant with the strict guidelines most people follow. Characters Kayson and Frame portray uniqueness within a race that forces uniformity. They are stepping out of the majority. Society forces alienation upon them as they treat them like problems and isolate them. This creates internal feelings of alienation when really these people have done nothing wrong. The people in positions of power and those who hide their true identity to conform are what cause the alienation of those brave enough to be different. The world would be a sad place if everyone was the same. Today medication and therapy can help people with real disorders rather than putting them away. This however never fixes the issue of psychological alienation as humans will always judge others to either make themselves feel better ir because they feel they are better than that person. Anyone who stands out from the crowd wold be judged, but thankfully today, people are more aware of the importance of acceptance and individuality. Religious alienation: Religion can cause people to lose their freedom and identity as it forces them to conform. Those who follow a religion must abide by its rules in order to be accepted in the religious group. In the Crucible, directed by Nicholas Hyther, the entire nation follows the strict Puritan religion. This movie is set in a theocratic society where the state and the church are one and moral laws and state laws also. There is no space for non conformity. One character, Elizabeth is alienated from the community as she was accused of performing witchcraft. Although it was untrue, this ‘act’ of non conformance led to her isolation from her livelihood. The intolerance of certain things at this time caused great alienation or death for many women if charged with witchcraft. The theme of Hysteria in this text shows how people thrive on it when they benefit from it. Those accusing Elizabeth of witchcraft benefitted from it as they gained her possessions. Hysteria suspends the rules of everyday life and allows the acting out of people’s dark desires underneath their displayed ‘righteousness. ’ † Not only has religion forced the oppression of people’s true identities, it allows people to use it as a weapon to alienate others to benefit themselves. This theme is consistent throughout all of the texts studied. In life, there will always be selfish people trying to improve their position by hurting / alienating others. Strict religious societies cause this because it is against human nature to always conform. Non conformity in religious groups is punished with alienation. As described before, in religious groups if the rules are not followed there are consequences. In â€Å"Plain Truth’ by Jodi Picoult a certain character (Jacob) is alienated because he chose not to conform. A rule in the Amish community is that education is banned from eighth grade onwards. For Jacob, his willingness to learn caused him to go to university and be banned form the Amish community which included the only people he knew. His father thought of him as a â€Å"dead son† To the people in the Amish community they are one identity, one people. Speaking out against this is looked down upon. For these people there is no room for deviation from their social norm so they continue to conform. I wonder why anyone would choose this; to lose their own identity for a community so strict you cannot choose what to do with your life. However, each member is entitled to stay or leave. The problem is that alienation is created either way – if you stay you lead a life of isolation from the modern world, if you leave you have all the freedom yet you are â€Å"all alone when all you have ever known is how to be part of the group. † Overall, religious groups that force conformity create alienation no matter what. In the end what is important to the world on a whole is that diversity is expected and respected and everybody has a choice to be who they want to be without being judged. In conclusion, alienation is worldwide today, it will be tomorrow and it has occurred right throughout history. My research has shown that one of the main causes of alienation is the need for power. This is most obvious in Schindler’s list and the Telephone Conversation but it also links in with control over groups in psychological alienation and religious alienation. When one group or single person has control over many they will use this to benefit themselves. It is human nature to want what is best for yourself, this use of power is inevitable. In Girl Interrupted and Wrestling With The Angel it is obvious that at times of lack of scientific and psychological understanding, many people were alienated for not being what society had decided as ‘normal. ’ Characters such as Kayson and Frame suffered because their individuality shone but it hurt the eyes of those in positions to diagnose mental illness. From these texts it was clear that human beings are too quick to judge those who are different from the rest, rather than accepting their uniqueness. In saying that, in modern society we are becoming better at understanding others and the beauty in difference. Religious alienation has links with other types but more closely with psychological. In religious groups conformity is expected or alienation is put in place. Through the texts, The Crucible and Plain Truth one can understand how alienation is inescapable after being part of a strict religion. If you do not conform you are alienated. If you do conform you alienate yourself from your true identity. Leaving the group causes alienation also as you are all alone after only ever knowing how to fit in. Whichever choice one would make would lead them to alienation. In the end the world entire cannot avoid alienation. People will always compete for a better position; it is the nature of any specie on this planet. The only way to have a positive result is to make sure that the wrong people who have murderous and revengeful motives don’t gain positions of power as events such as the Holocaust could repeat. Small scale alienation will always continue in the modern world, as will competition but outright racism and discrimination is wrong and should be stopped. How to cite Human Alienation, Essay examples

Corporate Social Responsibility and Governance- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance. Answer: Case background Byte products limited is company operating in the computer hardware industry and is currently facing a supply demand problem in the country. They have 32% market share in the industry. The existing three plants of the company are not efficient enough to meet the market demand target. Therefore, the company CEO Mr. James has came to conclusion to source a plant in Plainville for 3 years. However, one of the Board member is strictly against of the decision. Case issues and objectives The argument of the two board members is over that they are going to commit a irresponsibility toward the people who will gather in Plainville attracted towards job opportunities they will find in the factory hardware. The objective of the case is to analyse the level of corporate irresponsibility they will perform while taking the plan to action and the legal aspect of the decision (Esposito 2012). The ethical values of the companies; facing similar situation and impact of the strategic decision in the future employee and the people of the town. The corporate governance in action power of negotiation backed by strong values and insights Problem statement analysis The dilemma of the case lies in the decision of expanding the business in Plainville where there is a old non functioning factory to use. The only concern regarding the decision is of Mr Williams who points out that the company is side stepping its corporate social responsibility while divulging in the decision (Rahim 2013). After building the plant in Plainville, they will attract 1200 people and 4000 more including the family of the labours. However, the decision is very risky to stay in Plainville for more than 3 years. In addition, the board members have agreed this plan is temporary to stay in the area. After 3 years they will uproot their business from the plant while setting the plant elsewhere, where their will not be any sacrifice in cost and profitability. The CEO of the company does not want to take the decision further if there is any chance of unrecoverable risk factor involved. Theories and application of corporate legality vs. corporate responsibility Forecasting the strategic decision taken for the sake of the future employees will give the CEO an insight to the profitability decision. The lack of planning has pushed the company to face the dilemma of the current situation they are involved. The stopgap solution has some risk involved as having the high labour cost, new warehouse cost, and presence of strong union in the territory can bring down the forecasted profitability (Brammer Jackson Matten 2012). Having known the job is temporary can involve apathy among the labour, which can lead to low quality products and high turnover. Not knowing the temporariness of the job can lead to bigger legal problem in the future for the company (Lanis Richardson 2012). Employee relationship will be difficult to manage in the current business scenario. That is why the Board executive Mr. Williams opinion and views regarding the scenario needs to be taken into account while taking the final decision and forecasting any the reverse opportunity. Recommendation Opening a new temporary plant is needed to extend the capacity. Opening the temporary plant in the Plainville, while seeking other permanent option is also suggested. The responsibility of the company will be to offer an alternative job opportunity at the new permanent plan. That way they can ensure the prospective reputation of the company remain intact. This will also increase the CSR value of the company. Reference Brammer, S., Jackson, G., Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-economic review,10(1), 3-28. Esposito, R. T. (2012). The social enterprise revolution in corporate law: A primer on emerging corporate entities in Europe and the United States and the case for the benefit corporation.Wm. Mary Bus. L. Rev.,4, 639. Lanis, R., Richardson, G. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,31(1), 86-108. Rahim, M. M. (2013).Legal regulation of corporate social responsibility: A meta-regulation approach of law for raising CSR in a weak economy. Springer Science Business Media.

Jude The Obscure Essays - Jude The Obscure, Jude, Thomas Hardy

Jude The Obscure In life the role of a man has changed little in comparison to how much the role of a women has changed. In Jude the Obscure the you explorer a wide variaty of applied feminen identities. With exagerated properties of the applicaitons, it shows the true rang of diversity in the role of women. Arabella was a radical character in the noval, and many of her actions were considered extreme for her time. She left Jude while in wedlock and was illegally married to another man before she was properly divorced from Jude. She took on the role of the rebel, or one against social laws. Arabella was a symbol of sin, and shown to be as the unfit woman. The woman type of woman to be looked down on. The writer shows he negativity toward her by the way she is always shown unhappy. She was unhappy with jude so she left him. She found another man but there marriage was never legal or real, and as the book progressed she found that she really wanted to be with Jude, who no longer wanted her for what she did to him. Thomas Hardy, the author, was trying to show that her rebel ideals were wrong and for her sins she was punished with enduring unhappiness. Sue on the other hand was on the other end of the spectrum. Sue was very odd, and she even consider herself abnormal and evil, yet represented a woman of virtue and honor. She was a very inteligent woman, and very noble. She represented a woman of class and stature. She was very much desired by other men more for her complexity then anything else. She was a mistery to men and it generated a fierce interest in them. The most interesting fact being she would not let her virginty go. Men were left puzzled and confused. She did however have her negative aspects to her character. She married a man, and then asked to him to live with another. Something like that isn't respected. She used the man she married for selfish reasons, which further explains the another point Hardy was trying to make through Sue. He was making the point, women have a power over men, the power of seduction, and is often miss used for selfish reasons. No one can stero type a woman because of the extreme contrast in behavior, and Hardy displayed this fact clearly in this noval. Hardy took to woman, and showed you two aspects of women's nature that clearly prove the diversity of woman themselves.

Clinical Sexual Misconduct

Clinical Sexual Misconduct Free Online Research Papers Sexual misconduct is a term for variety different sexual acts. This is a problem that lies in clinical, legal, and ethical judgment of a person. One of the many types of misconduct occurs in professional relationships. When a physician advances sexual acts upon a client or patient this constitutes as sexual misconduct. This type of behavior is obviously wrong and unacceptable. In the case outlined in the text concerning a dentist’s inappropriate sexual contact; there was evidence that while under dental care the practitioner engaged in physical and sexual relationship with five different patients. This type of thing happens more than some may think. In this case there was an obvious wrong due to the ages of the patients. The dentist advanced to patients from age seven to fifteen (Pozgar, 269). This would not only constitute as misconduct, but also a statutory case. Transference and counter transference is one of most important aspects of treatment between patient and practitioner. Transference is defined as the redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object (Merriam-Webster). Counter transference is when a practitioner has complex feelings toward the patient (Merriam-Webster). In a clinical setting we do not always notice these occurrences. Sigmund Freud coined the term in 1910 in The Future Prospects of Psycho-Analytic Therapy. The term later expanded to include unconscious hostile and/or erotic feelings toward a patient that interferes with the treatment and or professional relationship. Counter transference can be the feelings that a provider shows toward his or her patient, and also includes cases where the therapist takes on the suffering and pain of his/her patient. An example of this would be a patient that was a victim of a rape. We as their provider while lis tening to their situation would put ourselves in their shoes and feel the pain and the torture that the patient felt. Training, knowledge, and their education give physicians a sense of power. Patients come to their physicians fearful and vulnerable. Secrets are revealed, clothes are removed, and skin is touched. Physicians are trusted to serve their patient’s best interests. Physicians may use these events to further scar a person for nothing more than their own personal pleasure. Sexual misconduct by physicians can create a false sense of security that is ultimately detrimental to the patient. This can scar a patient from ever trusting a healthcare provider of any kind. Not to mention that this goes against any health care professionals ethics and oaths (such as the Hippocratic Oath). In 1990 the American Medical Association (AMA) council on ethical and judicial affairs released their report Sexual misconduct in the practice of medicine. The AMA Council decided that sexual contact or a romantic relationship conducted while in the care of a physician is unethical. A romantic relationship with a former patient may be considered unethical, but this would depend on the circumstances. Sexual misconduct is also discussed in medical training programs. Reporting these offenders is an important responsibility that should be upheld. Most physicians agree that sexual relationships should not be part of the physicians of this may be an inappropriate joke or a comment about a woman’s tight clothing. These things seem like they are harmless, but still are considered inappropriate. If the comment has no diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, it should not be stated. Some actions that should be avoided include hugging, romantic kissing, touching any sexualized body part for any purpose other than examination or treatment. Discounting or offering medical-related services or prescriptions in exchange for sex is unacceptable. The AMA states that a physicians ethical duties include terminating the physician-patient relationship before initiating a dating, romantic, or sexual relationship with the patient. A relationship with a former patient is unethical if it uses or exploits trust, knowledge, emotions, or influence derived from the previous professional relationship. The AMA does not address the appropriate length of time between the termination of the physician-patient relationship and the initiation of a romantic or sexual relationship. Regardless of the conduct or consent of a patient, the physician is felt to be in the more powerful position in the relationship and thus responsible for even consensual boundary violations. A physician within the facility that I work for is the prime example of this. I will refer to this physician as Dr. Jones for confidentiality reasons. Dr. Jones had a lucrative practice. He was one of two specialists in his area of expertise in a wide area. He was very good at his job and he was liked personally by everyone that I would speak with. Mr. Jones had a professional patient relationship with Mrs. Doe. Ms. Doe’s medical problems were under control but she did need to come back and follow up with the single physician often. There was a point when they started chatting at the visits about their personal lives. That turned in to emails and then phone conversations; then a mutual kiss. After the kiss the physician thought that it would be a good idea to refer to another physician. Over about a year and a half the relationship was consensual as they mutually conducted a sexual relationship. Mrs. Doe was married. The physician however; was a single man. There relationship went on for about six months or so and then Mr. Doe, Ms. Doe’s husband, learned of the affair and made Mrs. Doe report Dr. Jones to th e State Medical Board. Most people would look at this as two consensual people entering into a relationship; there was enough emails and correspondence produced to prove that Mrs. Doe entered into this relationship willingly; so what is the problem? They are both consenting adults. She was the married party she was the one in the wrong right? Wrong! Physicians are held to a higher professional standard. As soon as he started to experience those feelings he should have referred her to another physician. Not after he had already crossed the ethical line. That is why his license is now suspended for a minimum of six months and he is required to do all types of ethics training. Just goes to show you that this type of thing happens and is taken very seriously. When in doubt refer the patient. I hold a medical license in the State of Ohio that I worked very hard for. I can see very easily how things like this can happen. I have been on both sides of this example. As a massage therapist I take the sexual jokes of friends and my friends friends’. I will say that it is a fine line when you are working with people’s bodies. I constantly ask questions and explain my procedures very clearly before a session takes place. I have had to refer a patient to another therapist because the lines of professional and personal seemed to be a bit blurry and not even on a sexual level on a personal one. I have been in situations that a client was looking for more than a therapeutic relationship and I had to end the session. These types of things do happen but my medical license, my integrity, and name are not worth the risk. References Pozar, George D. (2010). Legal and Ethical Issues for Healthcare Professionals. 2nd ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Sudbury. transference. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved February 1, 2010, from merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transference countertransference. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved February 1, 2010, from merriam-webster.com/dictionary/countertransference .. Retrieved February 1, 2010, from http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/hippooath.html .. Retrieved February 1, 2010, from ama-assn.org/ .. Retrieved February 1, 2010, from ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/opinion814.shtml .. Retrieved February 1, 2010, from med.ohio.gov/ Research Papers on Clinical Sexual MisconductArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Fifth HorsemanThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital PunishmentInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesGenetic EngineeringPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Ambulatory Care

Ambulatory Care Essay Ambulatory health care has definitely been a type of health care that has benefited a lot of Americans since it became of existence. There are several health care clinics available in every city that helps the people on a daily basis. Its not as costly as the ER and you can receive just about the same kind of service as if your were going to the Hospital just in a faster time in some cases. There is a need to sometimes get further assistance, meaning that the particular outpatient service was not able to assist the patient fully and needs some additional help in diagnosing the problem. A visit to the doctors office provides someone with a sense of calmness to be able to have a one on one relationship with their private doctor, as opposed to going to the a large place like the hospital to see a doctor, any doctor at that. When I think of Ambulatory care I think of a one and done type of scenario, in some cases. The patient is able to see the doctor get a diagnosis and prescription at one time, without the need of visiting several doctors. In most cases, now there are times when the patient would need to visit different specialists for their care. With the upbringing of ambulatory care systems, there is a less need for someone to have to be in the ER waiting for hours unless it is a real emergency and the regular office is closed. Ambulatory Care. (2018, Nov 06).

20 multiple choice questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

20 multiple choice questions - Assignment Example Because this warmer air is less dense, it glides up along the slope and generates a Valley breeze. 11. Thunderstorms are caused by the upward movement of warm, moist, unstable air. They are associated with cumulonimbus clouds that generate heavy rainfall, lightning, thunder, and occasionally hail and tornadoes. 15. Although cP air masses are not normally associated with heavy precipitation, those that cross the Great lakes in late autumn and winter sometimes bring snow to the leeward shores. These are known as lake effect snows, and they make Buffalo and Rochester, New York, among the snowiest cities in the United States. 17. Whereas a tornado watch is designed to alert people to the possibility of tornadoes, a tornado warning is issued by local offices of the National Weather Service when a tornado has actually been sighted in an area or is indicated by weather

Pa. Landlord Tenant Act of 1951 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Pa. Landlord Tenant Act of 1951 - Essay Example Nor is a lease simply a right to occupy premises in many situations, the tenant is entitled, by contract or statute, to receive a package of services from the landlord, such as the right to have the property well maintained and heated. For landlords, although the lease generally serves to be a source of wealth, there may be other considerations that influence the landlord's behavior such as good management practices, whether for welfares or commercial motives, some landlords may be more ruthless in their treatment of tenants, seeking to maximize profit and minimize management costs. In some situations the law has, therefore, had to intervene to promote minimum standards of behavior and to protect tenants from exploitation and eviction. Long leases have been used for selling both houses and flats. Historically, long leasehold sales were used for housing developments, originally under the building lease system and more recently by landlords with a long-term perspective on investment. Since the 1950s it has been increasingly common for flats to be purpose-built for sale on long leases and for existing buildings to be converted into flats. (Bright, 1995) Blocks built for rental in earlier times have been broken up for long leasehold sales and many of these buildings now contain flats of mixed tenure, some rental and some long leasehold. Typically, leases are granted for terms of 99 years, sometimes 999 years and sold at a substantial premium, with a low ground rent being reserved. The major reason why these flats are sold on a leasehold, rather than freehold, basis is due to the problems of enforcing freehold covenants. Sometimes leases have clauses and terms in them that cannot be enforced. For example, you cannot legally sign away your right to a decent place to live. The tenant cannot be made responsible for all repairs or repairs that cost under a certain amount of money. According to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Pugh v. Holmes, the landlord must maintain everything for which the tenant is paying rent. Similarly, the tenant cannot be made to take a house or an apartment as is.Regardless of any agreement you make with the landlord, it is the landlord's responsibility to keep the property up to Housing Code Standards. (lease, 2006a) Fixed Term lease This is a lease for a fixed period of time 'for five months', or 'for 99 years'. It does not matter that the lease might be brought to an end before the expiry of the fixed term; for example, where the landlord has the right to forfeit the lease if the tenant fails to pay rent, or if the tenant has the benefit of a 'break clause' by which he is given the right in a 25year lease to break it at the end of five years. Nor does the fixed term have to be a single continuous period. As there is no need for the lease to be 'in possession', it is possible to have 'reversionary leases' that take effect at a future date. By the Law of Property Act 1925, s 149 (3) however, it must take effect within 21 years otherwise it is void. The fixed term will automatically end when the term finishes and there is no need to serve any notice to end the lease. Periodic Tenancies A periodic tenancy is one, which is for a period, and

The Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner Essay Is set in December 2001 when Amir the narrator is living in San Francisco. He recalls an event that occurred in 1975 which happened in Afghanistan where he grew up. He doesn’t go into detail about what happened but says what happened there made him who he is today. Amir gets a call from a friend named Rahim Khan who asks Amir to come to Pakistan to visit him. When Amir gets off the phone he walks along golden gate park, when he sees to kites which reminds him of his friend Hassan , the kite runner. â€Å"It’s wrong what they say about the past, I’ve learned, about how you can bury it. Because the past claws its way out. Looking back now, I realize I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years. † Pg 1 â€Å"It was my past of unatoned sins. † Pg1 â€Å"For you, a thousand times over. † pg 2 Chapter two Amir and Hassan lived two different lives, as Amir lived in a mansion with his father Hassan lived in a small mud hut. Hassan has always been good with his slingshot, they both liked to annoying people by reflecting the sunlight into their neighbours window from glass. It was always Amir idea to do these things but Hassan never blamed him. Both of the boys don’t have mother , Amir mother died giving birth as Hassan mother run away after giving birth . Hassan is a Hazara which is a persecuted ethnic group in Afghanistan, while Amir and Baba are Pashtuns. Once while Amir And Hassan were walking a solider yells at Hassan saying he had sex with his mother. Since the boys both didn’t have a mother Baba found a nurse for the boys to feed off. They both shared the same breast. â€Å" He wouldn’t deny me. Hassan never denied me anything. † Pg 4 â€Å" People say that eyes are the windows to the soul. † Pg 8 â€Å"Mine was Baba. His was Amir. My name. Looking back now on it ,I think the foundation for what happened in the winter of 1975 – and all that followed- was already laid in those first words. † Pg11 Chapter three Amir describes his father Baba, to be a tall man with a thick and wild beard. Baba did everything people said for him not to do he always proved them wrong. Baba came one of the most successful businessmen in the city. One of the stories Amir is told that his father wrestled a real bear. Amir is always tiring to be just likes his father but it is never successful . Amir is passionate about reading and writing , Baba fears for him as he is not like the other boys . Amir is always jealous on how well his father and Hassan get along. Amir was learning at school that drinking was a sin. As Baba drinks he has a different opinion about it and really dislikes Mullah Fatiullah Khan. â€Å" I have imagined Baba’s wrestling match countless times, even dreamed about it . And in those dreams, I can never tell Baba from the bear . † pg 12 â€Å" He asked me to fetch Hassan too , but i lied and told him Hassan had the runs. I wanted Baba all to myself. † Pg 13 â€Å" the problem , of course, was that Baba saw the world in Black and white. And he got to decide what was black and what was white. You cant love a person who lives that way without fearing him too. Maybe even hating him a little. † Pg 15 â€Å" god help us if Afghanistan even falls into their hands. † Pg 16 Baba only sin he believe in : â€Å" when you kill a man, you steal a life, You steal his wife’s right to a husband, rob his children of a father. When you tell a lie, you steal someone’s right to the truth . When you cheat, you steal the right to fairness. Do you see? † pg 17 â€Å" if I hadn’t seen the doctor pull him out of my wife with my own eyes , I’d never believe he’s my son . † pg 22 Chapter four Baba and Ali grow up together but Baba never considers them being friends as they have different religion and ethnic . Amir thinks the same with Hassan . Amir often reads to Hassan as he is illiterate. One time Amir was telling him a story he had made up, Hassan thinks its the best story he has every told. That night Amir rights his very own first short story, Amir tries and shows Baba but he doesn’t pay any attention to him . Rahim Khan his father’s friend shows interest. Rahim reads his story and leaves Amir a note saying how good it is. Amir then goes and wakes up Hassan to show him the story , Hassan suggested something he should have done , Amir did not like that. â€Å" Never mind any of those things. Because History isn’t easy to overcome . Neither is religion. In the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara. I was Sunni and he was Shi’a and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing. † Pg 24 â€Å"The same night , i wrote my first short story. † pg 29 ‘After all, didn’t all fathers in their secret hearts harbor a desire to kill their sons ? ’ pg 28 â€Å"When they left, I sat on my bed and wished Rahim Khan had been my father. †pg 30 â€Å"the word was bravo† â€Å" never mind the time. This story’s special. I wrote it myself. † Pg 31 Chapter five One night Amir Hassan and Ali were left at home when they here gunshots. They didn’t know what it was all about, but the next morning they hear talk on the radio, that Afghanistan becomes a republic. Amir and Hassan to go for a walk and go climb a tree, they discover Assef and two other boy of the neighbourhood , Assef is a bully. He carries around a set of brass knuckles, Assef bullies Hassan and calls him a flat-nose. Assef believes that Hitler had the right idea about ethnic purity. Assef thinks of Amir as a problem as he is friends with a Hazaras as they are both Pashtuns. He goes and hits Amir but Hassan gets in the way with his sling shot and scares him away . For Hassan birthday Baba offers him a gift of getting plastic surgery , Hassan cleft lip is just left with a faint scar. â€Å"None of us had any notion that a way of life had ended. Our way of life . † pg 34 â€Å" About Hitler. Now, there was a leader. A great Leader. A man with vision. Pg 37 â€Å"Afghanistan is the land of Pashtuns. It always has been , always will be . † pg 38 â€Å"you’re a disgrace to Afghanisitan. † Pg 39 It wasn’t fair. Hassan hadn’t done anything to earn Baba’s affection; he’d just been born with that stupid harelip. † Pg 43 Chapter Six In winter in Kabul it’s the best season for boys as schools close for icy season and it’s the best time to fly kites. Baba takes Amir and Hassan to go buy a kite for the annual Kite-fighting tournament, the last kite of the tournament to fall is a trophy of honour. Hassan is the best kite runner in Kabul, he always knows where the kite will land. Baba has confidents that Amir will win , if he wins Amir think he will win Baba’s approval. The day comes and they fly their kites , Amir wins. Hassan goes and finds Amir kite for him as Amir is getting congratulated . Amir doesn’t know where Amir had gone to he ask a old merchant and he says that boys were chasing him. Assef and his friends corner Hassan asking him for the blue kite, Hassan says no and they both argue back then Assef and his friend charge at Hassan , Amir sat there watching . After that Amir sees Hassan emerging from the alleyway crying and bleeding he hands him the kite. None of the boys speak of what happened, when they get home Amir falls into Baba’s hands and weep. â€Å" And kites , of course, Flying kites . And running them. † Pg 45 â€Å" the chill between Baba and me thawed a little. And the reason for that was the kites. † Pg 46 â€Å" The rules were simple: no rules. Fly your kite. Cut the opponents. Good luck. † â€Å"but Hassan was by far the greatest kite runner I’d ever seen . † pg 49 â€Å" In the winter of 1975, I saw Hassan run a kite for the last time . † pg 51 Chapter Seven The day comes and they fly their kites , Amir wins. Hassan goes and finds Amir kite for him as Amir is getting congratulated . Amir doesn’t know where Amir had gone to he ask a old merchant and he says that boys were chasing him. Assef and his friends corner Hassan asking him for the blue kite, Hassan says no and they both argue back then Assef and his friend charge at Hassan , Amir sat there watching . After that Amir sees Hassan emerging from the alleyway crying and bleeding he hands him the kite. None of the boys speak of what happened, when they get home Amir falls into Baba’s hands and weep. â€Å" Let’s fly. He said. † Pg 59 â€Å"And that right there was the single greatest moment of my twelve years of life, seeing baba on that roof, proud of me at last. â€Å" pg 63 â€Å"I opened my mouth, almost said something. Almost. The rest of my life might have turned out differently if I had. But I didn’t. I just watched. Paralysed. † pg 69 Chapter eight After the rape Amir and Hassan drift apart. Baba and Amir take a trip to stay at Baba’s cousins they have a large Afghan dinner , Baba is proud to say to everyone about the Kite tournament Amir is not happy about it . After the dinner they all lie in the same bed, Amir can’t sleep he admits out loud that he say Hassan get raped but everyone was asleep so they didn’t hear. When they return home Amir continues not to play with Hassan, he is confused why Amir is avoiding him he ask why and Amir tells him to stop harassing me, after that they avoid each other. One day Amir ask Hassan to go for a walk to a pomegranate tree, Amir ask Hassan what he would do if he threw the pomegranate at him, he starts throwing them at him, but Hassan doesn’t do anything back like Amir wanted him to . Instead he crushes it against his forehead. â€Å"But Hassan did nothing as I pelted him again and again. You’re a Coward! I said. Nothing but a goddamn coward! † pg 86 â€Å"I’ve never laid a hand on you , Amir, but you ever say that again He looked away, shaking his head. You bring me shame. And Hassan.. Hassan’s not going anywhere, do you understand ? † pg 84 â€Å" I’ll tell you what I want you to stop doing, I said eyes pressed shut , Anything, I want you to stop Harassing me. I want you to go away. † 82 Chapter nine The next morning Amir is thinking either he has to leave or Hassan and Ali must go. As he is opening is presents he wait till they leave as he grabs Baba present to him which is a watch and birthday money and hide it under Hassan pillow and tells Baba he stole it . when they return Baba ask Hassan if he stole them and to Amir surprise he says yes. Amir realizes Hassan saw him in the alleyway and knew what he was up to . Baba forgives him, but Ali says he must leave , Baba pleads them to stay. Amir sits their watching them go . â€Å" Except Baba stunned me by saying. I forgive you. † Forgive? But theft was one unforgivable sin, the common denominator of all sins. † Pg 98 â€Å" I flinched, like I’d be slapped. My heart sank and I almost blurted out the truth. Then I understood: This was Hassan’s final sacrifice for me. Pg 98 â€Å" either way , this much had become clear: One of us had to go. â€Å" pg 95 Chapter ten March 1981 Amir and Baba are on their way to Pakistan. They can’t trust anyone as Amir is embarrassed as he feels sick in the back of the truck. They left home in the middle of the night as the rafiqs or comrades as Amir called them have divided the society. People turn each other in for the money or under threat. When they are at the checkpoint a Russian guard spots one of the women in the truck and says if they wish to pass its an half hour with her. Baba won’t allow this. The Russian guard threatens to shoot Baba if he doesn’t sit down but another guard comes along to stop him. Amir feels sorry for Baba as he has to leave behind all the things he has done in Afghanistan . there though quickly change as they find out that Kamals father finds out his son didn’t survive the trip as of this he kills himself. â€Å" I’ll take a thousand of his bullets before I let this indecency take place. † Pg 101 Chapter Eleven Some tome since Baba and Amore now arrived to Fremont California. The moving to another country hasn’t been a easy one , especially for Baba. Amir notices the changes in his father and realizes he will never full adjust to life in America because he misses Afghanistan so much. Amir realizes that their move to a better place was for Amir’s future. Baba finds work at petrol station , in the summer of 1983 Amir graduates from High school, he decided to enrol in junior college and summons the courage to tell his father that he intends to continue writing , Baba is not impresses but accepts his decision, Amir enjoys life in America as it has no memories. 1984 Baba and Amir go to garages sales every Saturday and then sell their items at a swap marker where a large group of Afghan families work. That is where Amir meets General Taheri and his beautiful daughter Soraya. â€Å" I didn’t want to sacrifice for Baba anymore. The last time I had done that , I had damned myself. † Pg 117 Chapter Twelve Amir is increasingly tormented by his growing love for Soraya, they start seeing each other over several weeks. This continues until General Taeri reminds Amir that he is creating inappropriate gossip. Amir is distracted from his romantic ways when he discovers that Baba eventually starts to suffer from inoperable lung cancer. Baba refuses any medical help because it wouldn’t change the outcome. They go on with their lives as normal as they can but it becomes hard as Baba’s illness becomes to hard to hide. Baba has a seizure at the market and Soraya comes and comforts Amir. Baba refuse any more help with his condition , Amir now asks one more favour of his father. He wants to marry Soraya and as tradition demands he needs his father to ask Soraya father for her hand. Amirs proposal is accepted but , before formally getting married Soraya insists on confessing to an earlier affair because she dones want their marriage starting off with secrets. Amir admires her courage but was unable to make his own confession about his past. â€Å" I though of how I used my literacy to ridicule Hassan. How I had teased him about big words he didn’t know. † Pg 132 Chapter Thirteen There is a series of celebrations for the newly wed couple in which Amir is formally welcomed into Soraya’s family . Baba spends almost everything he has on his sons wedding. They live with Baba where Soraya dedicates herself to take care of Baba. After a month later he dies, Amir is terrified of life without his father . Amir completes his first novel acquires an agent and succeeds in getting his book published. Amir and Soraya have plently of trie on having a baby but they learn that they have unexplained infertily. They decied to move on to IVF but this to is unsuccessful and Soraya doesn’t want to adopt. Amir feels this is punishment for his past actions. â€Å" I realized how much of who I was, what I was, have been defined by Baba and the marks he had left on people’s lives. † PG 152 Chapter fourteen The narrative jumps forward to 2001 where Amir tells Soraya that he must go to Pakistan to see Rahim Khan. Amir endeavours to come to believe that Rahim Khan knows about his betrayal of Hassan but believes these is a way to be good again. â€Å" He knew about Assef, the kite, the money, the watch with the lighting bolt hands, He had always known. † Pg 168 Chapter fifteen It takes a long journey to go see Rahim Khan , he recalls their last meeting, some twenty years earlier. Amir arrives in Pakistan but barely recognises Rahim Khan, Amir tells him about Baba his wife and life in America and his successful writing career. Rahim Khan always tells him about life in Afghanistan and how much it has changed and they cruelity of the Taliban. He sadly tells Amir that he is dying and doesn’t have long to live. Finally he informs him what he really wants to talk about which is Hassan. â€Å"Rahim Khan had always been one of the most instinctive people I’d ever met. † Pg 173 Chapter sixteen It goes back to 1986 where loneliness and increasing ill health lead Rahim in search for Hassan . He finds him married to a woman named Farzana and living in a modest mud hut near the city of Bamiyan. Hassan tells Rahim that Ali was killed by a landmine in 1984. Hassan asks about Amir and Baba he was incredibly upset about baba’s death. Hassan decideds to go live with Rahim in Kabul but says he will live in the same hut where he grew up in this is where is wife gave birth to their still born daughter. In 1990 Hassan’s mother returns and comes to live with Rahim , Hassan rejects his mother. That winter Farzana gives birth to their son , sohrab . Hassan’s mother becomes very close to him, four years later she sadly dies. Hassan teaches his song how to read and write, shoot a slingshot and run kites. Hassan worries and the implications for the Hazara people . the taliban’s ban on kite fighting in 1998 . â€Å" Hassan taught him to read and write his son was not going to grow up illiterate like he had . † pg 186 Chapter seventeen Rahim Khan gives Amir a letter addressed to him from Hassan, which contains a photo of Hassan and his son. In the letter Hassan describes on how much Afhganistan has changed over the years. He also write for his hope that Amir will one day return to Kabul. The letter is 6 months old . rahimi tells Amir that the Taliban come to question him, they ordered him to leave Baba’s house but Hassan fought back with this the Taliban shot him. They shot his wife aswell but they toke their son to an orphanage. The real reason that Rahim wanted him to come to was to rescue Sohrab and bring him back to Pakistan. Rahim reveals that he is dying and wants Sohrab to go to a safe place and lastly he reveals that Hassan was Amir’s brother. Amir is deeply shocked and upset and doesn’t know what to think .

Hepatitis B Virus Essays -- Essays Paper

Hepatitis B Virus Characteristics: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a double-stranded DNA virus in the Hepadnaviridae family. The infectious particle is 42nm in diameter, with a genome 3200 nucleotides long. It has an outer envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid, which contains viral DNA polymerase and has a diameter of 27nm. The envelope contains the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg); this is the molecule to which anti-HBV antibodies are directed. The non-infectious hepatitis B particles are composed of HBsAg only and come in the form of filaments and spheres. Their only likely purpose is binding up antibodies so the infectious particles can remain free. In humans HBV infects hepatocytes where it replicates within the nucleus, but can also be found in smooth muscle, bone marrow, kidneys, thyroid glands and other sites. Infection: HBV is usually transmitted from blood to blood and can be contracted via infected needles (IV drugs and tattoos), sexual contact, cuts, hemodialysis, vertical transmission at birth and blood transfusions. In developed countries blood is screened for the presence of HBsAg before transfusion. Unlike other forms of viral hepatitis, HBV cannot be transmitted by contaminated food or water. The CDC states that preventive measures for HBV infection are similar to those for HIV. Diagnosis of HBV can be made by the presence of HBsAg, which can be found in the serum a few weeks before onset of illness. The anti-HBsAg antibody is found weeks to months after infection and can last, in some cases giving life-long immunity. Hepatitis B is found mostly in Africa, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and parts of the Caribbean. In those areas all socioeconomic groups are af... ...d/slide_1.htm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003243.htm http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section4/chapter47/47c.htm http://www.globalserve.net/~harlequin/HBV/hbvcore.htm http://www.globalserve.net/~harlequin/HBV/hbvx.htm http://www.globalserve.net/~harlequin/HBV/hbsags.htm http://www.foodallergy.org/anaphylaxis.html http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033405.htm http://depts.washington.edu/druginfo/Vaccine/HealthDept/ImmuneGlobulin.html http://www.livertransplant.org/livernewsletterselectingcandidatesforlivertransplantation.html http://www.ias.org.nz/hepatitis_b_vaccine.htm http://yourlawyer.com/practice/overview.htm?topic=Hepatitis%20B%20Vaccine http://www.comeunity.com/adoption/health/hepatitis/hep_photo2.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Images/Safrica/hbvcore3.htm http://livertransplant.org/

Negative Affects of Social Media Essay

Social media is like a game. Once you learn and get along with how to use these websites you get addicted to it. For example, now I am addicted to social media. Before I was introduced to social media I did all of my homework and was one of the top students in the class. From that moment I became engage to websites such as facebook, tweeter, ooVoo and instagram. It affected my life pessimistically. For instance, these days I can’t stop checking my facebook and instagram. Furthermore, theses days I am missing lot homework on most of my classes do to the escalating expose of social media. So due to these entire dilemma, I believe social media has many negative effect on teens life. see more:essay on social media First, students/teens spent too much time on social media. For example, Jazmin said she spent more time on websites like fb and texting than homework. â€Å"One quarter of teens say they log on to their favorite social media websites 10 or more times each day† (Gordan). Next due to the use of social media students gets lower grades on test and are lacking on during homework because they are busy chatting, texting, video chatting, etc. For example, I asked Jazmin agrees with me saying that she use social media rather than studying for testes or during homework. At last, teens are not going outside, spending time with family and are not active due to the social media. That’s why social media has negative affect on teen’s life. Next, many teens get cyber bullied through social media. For example, in a 2010 survey of students age 11 to 18 administer by the Cyberbulling Research Center, 20% said they had been cyber bullied. Also in sum cases teens make fake accounts a nd cyber bully other through the social media. Furthermore, in the article call â€Å"Cyberbulling’’ it says that member of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender get bullied more then others. For example in the survey it showed that 36.4% of these members got cyberbullied. At last, another negative effect of the social media is that it impairs students/teens writing skills. For example, sometimes when I am writings important paper I instant to use words like u, wat, c and others words in my writing due to using them numerous times in my texting and chatting. After that, teens become nastiest in spelling and using the proper sentence due to the usage of social media. In the article call â€Å" Grades 9-10 Literacy: The Power of New Media Annotated Student work† it says that student not only become appalling at spellings, grammars but also at literatures. I do know there some optimistic used of social media such as asking for homework they missed. But still, they are incorrect because do to social media teens can’t concentrate on their work. For example, they use social media for violence. Next, teens are constantly checking Facebook to see/get involve in things that are happening. So it distracts them from studying, doing schoolwork and others too. At last, the use social media for negative use like cyberbulling. As a result you can see social media has negative affects on teens life. For example, getting addicted, cyberbulling and it affects students writing skills. Furthermore, due to social media teens are lacking in education and being active. These are the reasons how social media is negative. And also I urge parents to check what your kids are doing and try to get involve in your sons and daughters life little more.

Media studies coursework for John Steinbeck’s “Of Mice and Men” Essay

We are doing a study of the opening sequence on the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, and the subsequent two films (1995 version, and the 1989 version) on the Novel. The author of the novel is John Ernst Steinbeck, who shares the exact same name as his father. His father was an observer of nature and the natural world, and taught the young Steinbeck to respect and to be a part of nature. This love of nature from his father is incorporated in Steinbeck’s opening sequence of the book, where he describes in great detail the opening beside the Salinas River, this causes a calm and tranquil feeling for the reader and draw him straight into the book. Steinbeck was born and raised in Salinas in California and bases his book around both that area and in the time he was writing it, which was during the American depression in the 1930’s. The opening sequence of the book is set a few miles south of Soldad, in the Salinas river. The Salinas river is a peace full and tranquil place with lots of vegetation and wildlife and gives a very slow and calm start to the book. Steinbeck indicates that it is a spring evening of a hot day, and judging by the two men’s clothes it is sometime in the early 1900’s but he does not indicate exactly what period in the early 1900’s they are in. We can tell they are in this period from the second paragraph when he mentions that there are â€Å"boys coming down from the ranches†. From this and the clothes they are wearing we can also tell that the two men (George and Lennie) are working class and are most likely looking for a job on the ranch near by. We can tell they are working class because before the 1940’s only poor people amd workers would wear that type of clothes, â€Å"denim trousers and denim coat†. This is because they are easy to work in, are not very hot clothes to wear, and also are very durable so they are ideal for workers. The upper class would never wear this type of clothing exactly because the workers wear it and it is not descent clothing for a respectable gentleman to be wearing. The mood set in the book is very tranquil and quiet with great detail paid on the countryside and the animals in it. This is to try and give the reader an exact picture of the scene. Some examples of this are; â€Å"the water is lined with trees-willows fresh and green with every spring, carrying in their lower leaf junctures the debris of the winter flooding; and sycamores with mottled, white, recumbent limbs and branches that arch over the pool†. Another example of this is â€Å"Evening of a hot day started the little wind to moving among the leaves. The shade climbed up the hills toward the top. On the sand-banks the rabbits sat as quietly as little grey, sculpture stones.† In the first paragraph Steinbeck describes the noises and the imprints that have been left in the opening from the animals over many years, â€Å"On the sandy bank under the trees the leaves lie deep and so crisp that a lizard makes a great skittering noise as he runs through them†. And with â€Å"the damp flats are covered with the night tracks of ‘coons, and with the spread pads of dogs from the ranches, and with the split-wedged tracks of deer that come to drink in the dark â€Å". The second paragraph describes how the pool is a popular place for many people and the path has been worn down by human use: â€Å"path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranch to swim in the deep pool†. The path is also popular with Tramps who want to â€Å"jungle-up near water†. The Characters involved in the opening sequence are called Lennie and George. Lennie seems to be rather dumb and not very observant by the fact that wen his partner (George) stopped right in front of him Lennie carried on walking and â€Å"nearly ran him over†. Lennie does not think of his own safety and needs George to guide him so he can say out of trouble and in good health. He proves this by drinking out of the filthy water from the pool witch is described as being green, witch shows it is not running water. He drank â€Å"with long gulps, snorting into the water like a horse†. Lennie listens to George obediently like a little child, and follows his every command and movement. He again shows his child like behaviour and naivety when he moves his fingers in the water and makes little rings, he immediately shares his excitement with George as he wants him to look, because he is proud of what he has done; â€Å"look George look what I done† he calls to him. We also have the picture of Lennie not being very bright from his physical appearance and the way that he walks. Lennie is described to have a â€Å"shapeless face† witch show lack of emotions and thought witch in turn is linked his lack of intelligence. The way it he walks also show either tiredness or again lack of intelligence â€Å"dragging his feet a little† and the way his arms move like pendulums. Steinbeck relates how he walks he walks to a bear meaning, this because he is saying he is big and strong, or because he has very little intelligence and does not think at all or he might be relating the bear to both his strength and his intelligence. George on the other hand is more intelligent than Lennie and seems to be the leader out of the two them. We get the idea that George is the leader by the fact that they are walking in single file and George is leading, this also gives us at first glance the impression that they might not be friends because usually friends walk next to each other not behind one another. We see a bit later on that this is not true and that George was probably just looking out for Lennie from the fact that he tries to stop Lennie drinking from the dirty pool â€Å"‘Lennie!’ he said sharply. ‘Lennie for God’s sakes don’t drink so much† this shows that he cares for him and doesn’t want Lennie to get sick. George’s appearance is more defined than Lennie’s with â€Å"small, strong hands, slender arms, a thin bony nose.† He is also described as being quick, this could probably means that he is more intelligent but it could also mean that his movement is quick. The genre of the novel is a real life drama. I have come to this conclusion because all the facts in opening sequence are all possible in real life, all the scenery is realistic the animals and the people are all realistic. There are only a few clues to what the story will be like. The clues that we have are that the clearing that George and Lennie are in is near to a ranch because it says in the book that boys come down from it to swim in the pool. We also think that George and Lennie are workers from the cloths they are wearing, so it is perfectly feasible that they are two travelling men looking for work on a nearby ranch. If this is true it would also account for the theme of the book. The 1995 film of â€Å"Of Mice and Men† opens with white credits on a black background and slow starting music. The music repeats itself over and over in a pattern while increasing in volume, this gives the effect that something dramatic or scary is going to happen and this makes the reader feel anticipation of what is going to happen next. After a while the music dies down and gives way to the sound effects of a train moving. The background also changes from totally black to black with white strips of light shining through, this gives the effect of a carriage door on a train. We are now sure that this scene is set on a moving train, but we still have no indication of where it is going or where it has come from. So far there is only a slight indication of the period of time we are in at this point of the film. This is the train because it is a steam train witch indicate to us that this is most likely before the 1970’s and after the 1880’s because this is around a bout the time that steam trains were used. The first glimpse we get of any of the character is when the camera slowly fades into a close-up shot of George lit only from the tiny beams of light coming from the slits in the carriage door. George is not moving at all and his face seems contorted and morose, showing us that he is in deep thought about something bad that has happened in the past, we can also assume now that he is on the train because he is running away from whatever has happened. The next scene strikes you very strongly because it is set in the middle of the day in a lush field witch looks like America. Running towards the camera there is a woman in a bright red dress with tears running down her eyes and obvious signs of distress on her face, her dress has also been ripped as though she has been attacked. This scene has been shot at a slower frame rate to indicate that it is actually George reliving previous events that have happened. The girl running towards the camera showing that she is running away from something, and towards safety. As the Woman runs closer to the camera the shot pans out across the field showing some men working in a field near by. As the women runs towards the men she starts waving and pointing to the direction she has just come from, The men drop their tools and run towards her. All this indicates that something very serious has happened to the Girl. The Men workings in the field have no machinery witch is also an indication of the pe riod we are in. There are three main atmospheres established in the opening sequence of this film these (in order of happening) are; anxiety, fear, and peacefulness. The anxiety is felt at the beginning when you hear the music getting louder and louder and the white on black background, and when you see George for the first time. The first time you feel fear is when you see the girl running through the field towards the workers with the tears running down her face and the rips in her dress. Then there is a small moment of heightened suspense when we see the two friends George and Lennie running away. We feel this way because the music has suddenly stopped and there is only the slight sound of their feet hitting the ground as they run. We go back to the emotion of utter fear and anxiety as we fear for the two men’s lives as they are running away from huge packs of dogs and a posy of men on horse back with guns. Suddenly everything goes quiet as George and Lennie hide in an irrigation ditch while they wait for the chasing posy to pass by. This jump for the loud roaring of feet, horse shoes, and loud barking from the dogs to the quiet gives a feeling of fear and anxiety but it also gives a sense of peace, as you can hear the wind rustling in the wind, the grasshoppers croaking in the distance, and the shallow breathing of the men in the water. The sub characters in the video are workers on a ranch we can tell this from the clothes they are wearing and the fact that they are working on the field when we see them. We can also assume that the main characters George and Lennie are also workers because they were wearing the same clothes as the workers. George seems to be the leader out of the two as he keeps giving instructions to Lennie as they are running away from the workers such as â€Å"keep moving† and â€Å"get down†. He also says it in a reasonably friendly tone showing that he is looking after both himself and Lennie. He doesn’t not sound like he is just trying to save himself and he is stuck with Lennie. Lennie on the other hand doesn’t seem to be that worried because he doesn’t realise in what danger they are in. This is shown when Lennie stops running at one point and comments on the dogs that are chasing him. Lennie does not seem that clever either mainly because he doesn’ t realise what danger he is in, he also seems to be dragging his feet and his speech seems impaired. The clues we have to the story line of the film are the men working on the field, the clothes the men are wearing and their accents, and also the chase seen when George and Lennie are being chased. The story could be about two working men trying to find work while being chased by the law because of some crime they committed and that is why they were running away. This will also be the theme of the film if it is true. The genre of the film so far looks like a western real life drama because of the accents of the men, the time in which this is set in and the fact that everything that has happened could happen in real life in that era. The 1989 video at first glance just looks like another low budget spin of a great book and actually seems like it holds no information at first glance. But if you look at it again you see it does actually hold a lot of information just like the other film did even though the budget was obviously not as big and it was shot 6 years earlier. There is though a large area of the end of the sequence of this video, which is actually totally made up, this includes adding Aunt Clara to the story which in actual fact has died many years ago in the book and in the other film. I feel adding this character holds no relevance to the book and there is no meaning to add her. The 1995 video on the other hand even though the director had rearranged the order in which the scenes appear he did not add any other characters to the story line. By the clothes George and Lennie, what appears to be the sheriff, and Aunt Clara are wearing, and also the style of housing you can tell they are in America in the early 1900’s. There is also Gospel music playing in the background when George and Lennie enter Aunt Clara’s house and there is also a gramophone in the room near the doorway. The clues given as to what the story will be like is George and Lennie running away from the law, George helping Lennie get away and keeping him quiet when they are in the field by coping his hand over Lennie’s mouth. Other clues to what the story will be like is Aunt Clara’s house and herself, George and Lennie could be running away from the law for some reason and going to live with Aunt Clara to lay low for a bit. Another main clue to the story is the music witch is very much like the music in western films with cowboys and Indians this and the contrasting clothes that the pursuers are wearing makes us think this is going to be a western film. From all this we cam also say that the theme of this video will be that of a western with two men on the run from the law. There is very little tension in this film and everything is taken very lightly and almost like a game. This is because the music is very happy with a jumpy rhythm and also a more cowboy style tune, the pursuers have no guns drawn and they seem to be in hurry to catch them and seem to give up very easily. George and Lennie also don’t seem to be in a great hurry to get away and there is no sense of fear in their face when we see the close-up shots, because of this it seems almost like they are playing a game in the fields with a couple of friends, like little kids do. The Genre of this video seems to be a real life western drama. I have come to this conclusion because of everything that has happened could happen in real life and because the pursuers seem to be wearing western type clothes and because of the very strong western music. This time both Lennie and George do no seem that bright both from their appearance and from the way they acted and behaved. Both of them look very scruffy instead of just Lennie and they both have this very deep western accent that is associated with intellectually challenged people. George even though his appearance and his voice is the definite leader out of the two, we are shown this when he tells Lennie what to do and when he cups his hand over Lennie’s mouth to keep him quiet. Another sign that George is the leader is that when they are in Aunt Clara’s house Lennie repeats every word they say. In resent years we have seen the decline of book reading because there has been a vast increase in the standard of T.V quality. The person being entertained does not have to think any more, to picture the scene in his head and so doesn’t have to concentrate so hard. This is why many people just watch T.V these days instead of reading a book. They find it more relaxing, they are almost sleeping there mind and body are asleep this is also why you get addicted to the T.V because your body finds another way to replenish it energy without sleeping. T.V lowers your imagination though, and your concentration span because your brain doesn’t think while watching T.V but while it is reading a book it is constantly thinking and imagining possibilities of what the scene will look like and the characters. I honestly prefer after a had days work to sit in front of the television and just relax a bit. But if I am just bored and I want some entertainment I will open my book and read for couple of hours. My preferred sequence is that of the books because it gives you an exact idea of the scenery and the people while also giving you room to imagine for yourself what they look like. I also enjoyed a lot the 1995 version because it brings a lot of tension and anxiety into the film witch is the opposite to what you feel in the book. This tension and anxiety raises your adrenaline and gives you a enjoyable and on the edge of you seat experience.

Character Identity in the Taming of the Shrew Essays

Character Identity in the Taming of the Shrew Essays Character Identity in the Taming of the Shrew Essay Character Identity in the Taming of the Shrew Essay Essay Topic: The Taming Of the Shrew If something walks like a duck, quacks like a duck, and acts like a duck, is it a duck? Probably, but what if this duck is really Just a confused chicken? At this point, the question of Identity comes Into play. Is the chicken then considered a duck because its actions all point towards that of the distinctive aquatic bird? Or does the chickens actual reality as a chicken, Its feathery DNA, matter more In this discussion? Identity In The Taming of the Shrew acts the same way. Haltingly the nature of Identity, Shakespeare uses the story of Christopher Julys taming and its counterpart, Skates aiming, to show that appearance becomes reality. Ultimately, the characters in The Taming of the Shrew blur the lines between reality and illusion, making them one and the same. In the beginning of the play, the small part of dialogue concerning Christopher Sly shows the phenomenon of illusion becoming reality. A rich lord abducts Sly, a drunken beggar, and plays a trick on him: What think you, if he were Rapped In sweet clothes, rings put upon his fingers, a most delicious banquet by his bed Would not the beggar then forget himself? (Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew, Mind. 1. 33-37). When Sly awakens In an unfamiliar setting, he questions the truth of his predicament, but eventually, he wholeheartedly accepts the Illusion that [he Is] a lord indeed, and not a tinker nor Christopher Sly (Mind. 2. 68-69). Because Sly sees that he possesses all the characteristics of a lord ? fine clothes, dedicated servants, a noble wife ? he immediately accepts the facade. When he accepts his pseudo-nobility, Julys paradigm of his own reality shifts completely. He notices that he possesses all the characteristics off lord and adjusts his own identity accordingly: he becomes the lord. Initially, the changes in Sly are merely superficial; he gains obedient servants, nice clothes, and delicious food. Nothing about his personality should change, but It does. Not only does Sly state his belief In his nobility, but he also exhibits changes In his language, demonstrating the sincerity of his personality change. Critic Joseph Tate cites the fact that Sly form of speaking changes from prose, indicating a peasant, to blank verse, traditionally a form of speech used by poets and playwrights for aristocratic speech (106). Christopher Julys [rise] to verse and into nobility indicates that a real change occurs n Julys perception of himself and, therefore, in his actual Identity (106). Still the question remains: is Sly a true lord or Just an overdressed, indulged peasant tricked by a cruel, bored aristocrat? Shakespearean treatment of Sly story makes it seem as though he remains a lord. Introduced to Sly at the start, the audience naturally waits for his storyline to be continued, but Shakespeare never finishes It. Sly appears for the final time at the end of the first scene of act 1, and In this appearance, he merely complements the play Itself (1. 1. 243-44). This unfinished plot vice serves as a purposeful reminder that Illusion has become reality ? that Sly illusory nobility becomes actual nobility. Supporting this claim, Tate points out that Wendell ten plays plot Implies Tanat snatchers assume Ana seen Lugholes easily, inductions incompleteness proposes the opposite(Tate 107). Sly never return[s] to a world of stable identities and stays eternally as a lord (107). The implication that Christopher Sly becomes a lord and stays one indelibly within the play supports the idea that his identity changes permanently on the basis of appearance; the chicken as evolved into a duck. Immediately after Sly final line, Epithetic bursts on stage, establishing his identity as a bossy, violent, and outgoing young man. Although Epithetic never disguises his personality or intentions, his act of taming Kate contributes an additional example of how illusion and appearance becomes the reality of a situation. Epithetic, in an effort to tame Kate, devises a scheme in which he describes her behavior contradictory to what she actually does. For instance, Say that she rail, why then [he would tell] her plain she sings as sweetly as a nightingale. Say that she frown, [he would say] she looks as clear as morning roses (2. 1. 166- 69). His ruse transforms Skates identity from the shrewish spinster seen at the beginning into the dutiful wife whose speech at the end of the play indicates her new-built virtue and obedience (5. 2. 122). She is even respectful to her husband, to the point of calling him sir (5. 2. 105). Cecil C. Sermons proposes that Pedicurists method [of taming] is to suppose or assume qualities in [Kate] that no one else Suspects. What he assumes as apparently false turns out to be startlingly true (19). Therefore, Kate eventually becomes what Epithetic presents her as. Although at first Pedicurists descriptions of Kate seem only like his way to kill [her] with kindness (4. 1 . 181), his treatment [steadily unfolds to show] her really fine qualities: patience, practical good sense, a capacity for humor, and finally obedience, all of which she comes gradually to manifest in a spirit (Sermons 19). In the end, Kate turns into the modest Dove Epithetic claims her to be, demonstrating again that illusion has become reality (2. 1. 289). Kate, the shrew and eponymous character of the play, raises the most questions bout the reality of appearance. The most obvious question about Kate is whether she is truly tamed at the very end of the play. A less common, but equally interesting question is whether Kate is, in reality, a shrew. Are her bad attitude and violent tendencies only armor that Kate dons to protect herself from vulnerability and rejection? Perhaps. Several instances in the play imply that Kate is, in fact, gentler than she initially appears: the fact that Kate cries when Epithetic is late to the wedding; her allowance of her marriage to Epithetic in the first place; and her moieties reasonable pleas to Epithetic at the beginning of their marriage. These subtle details, however, become lost within the prominent examples of Skates fiery temper: yelling at her suitor; tying up her sister Bianca; and smashing an instrument over her tutors head, to name a few. Does it matter if her shrewish nature is merely armor? If everyone that has ever met Kate agrees that she is a shrew, even calling her Katherine the curse, then it does not really make a difference if it is a charade (1. 2. 121). Therefore, Skates relatives and neighbors define her identity, instead of Kate defining herself by how she feels. By believing that Katherine is a shrew [her community] makes near one, Decease Tanat Is ten only student position lately allow] her (Cooker 145). Because of the unpleasant outward appearance she gives off, Skates armor becomes a reality, regardless of what she feels inside. The last question of appearance versus reality is probably the most critical and common question of the play: is Kate really tamed? Well, she appears to be. At the end of the play in act 5, she obeys Epithetic, responding to his summons, unlike the other two wives. Her father seems to genuinely believe that she is changed as she had never been (5. 2. 119). She even gives a seemingly scolding speech to the other two wives, preaching the belief that thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, / Thy head, thy sovereign (5. 2. 150-51). Although no critic and certainly no undergraduate dabbler in Shakespeare can say for sure the sincerity of Skates taming, I believe that many elements of the play combine to give a clearer perspective on this question. Christopher Sly story, a parallel in both situation and location within the play, paves the way for Skates reversal of personality. Sly identity transformation not only exhibits the nature of appearance becoming reality, but also leads the way for Skates complete reversal of identity from headstrong shrew to obedient wife in the final act of the play. By creating perfectly parallel circumstances, not only in situation, but also in location within the play, Shakespeare draws attention to the theme of illusion becoming reality, and perhaps even prepares the audience for the legitimacy of Skates transformation. Shakespeare manages to answer the question of the duck. If something has all the heartsickness of something else, it actually becomes, in all practical ways, that something else. He says that appearance is reality, or at least, it is the only reality that matters. Because of the analysis of Shakespearean use of Christopher Sly, Pedicurists deception in taming, and Skates actual nature as a shrew, the dominant question of the play grows clearer: whether or not Kate truly alters her thinking and personality to become tamed. Because of Shakespearean treatment of the rest of the play, it becomes evident that Skates illusion becomes the reality of her situation, and she, in all practical sense of the word, is tamed

Comparing Financial Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Comparing Financial Systems - Essay Example Economic globalization is the utopia towards which the world is moving. Yet, it is deemed to be practically impossible due to the different financial systems that exist in different countries. While some countries have a severely competitive market, others have a bank based economic system. Bank based system poses to secure ‘and mobilize savings, allocating capital, overseeing the investment decisions of corporate managers and also providing risk management vehicles.1’ Whereas, the market system is more competitive in a dual way. Different companies in the market are competing with each other and also the companies compete with the banks, which are still considered to be the conventional mode of getting savings earned by people. Yet, in the countries like U.K and U.S.A, people do risk to invest in the share markets and other companies which often help them earn more money than bank interest. Many analysts across the world have suggested that the market based financial sy stem is more lucrative than the bank based system, but the risk factor involved is also very high as compared to the bank based system, which has minimal risk factor. Now a study on the different financial systems of the world is bound to raise crucial questions which will be chronologically answered in the report. Chapter 1 Broad Classification of the Financial Systems – Bank Versus Market The development of any country is based on the reforms introduced and to introduce any reform, a stable financial system is very necessary. Structural reforms are mostly based on the financial system of a country. Most developing nations which have a centralized economy lack a full fledged financial system which is a big disadvantage for them. Financial system has a vast positive impact of financial development on economic growth and development 2. The financial structure among countries can be either bank based or market based or underdeveloped. The underdeveloped economies have both unde rdeveloped banks and market values. But flourishing financial systems can fall into either bank based financial system or market based one. It is popularly assumed that bank based financial systems are less flourishing compared to the market based ones but Japan stands as the biggest flourishing example of bank based financial system. Countries with a stronger economy and monetary strength have better developed financial systems. The countries which have a higher income always tend to get inclined towards the market based financial system because in these countries the stock market has higher efficiency and are relatively more active compared to the banks. The countries which have low corruption and protect shareholder’s rights are more inclined to the banks as they are looking for security more than earning 3. The bank based concentrates on the different roles of the banks such as getting information about the firm, the board of directors and trying their best to improve the allocation of funds as well as corporate governance. It also

Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Smoking - Essay Example Medical experts believe that there are three main reasons why teenagers smoke. The first reason is that, smoking makes the youth feel older. They often see their elders smoking and seem to look more mature so they want to be like them, mature, and all the connotations that come with being an adult. The second reason is the reason most adults would like to believe as they do not want to be the cause or influence for the youth's bad habits: peer pressure. Young adults smoke so that they would look "cool" or "in" along with their friends. They have this notion that smoking is "cool" because their idols on TV do it all the time and, of course, they all want to be "cool" as well. The third common reason is that they try to experiment. They either underestimate the addictive nature of nicotine or just want to try it because it is prohibited by their parents. But whether it's the explorative nature of the youth or their defiant nature, smoking presents to be a rather inexpensive opportunity . The reasons for continuing to smoke are slightly more varied. Smokers say that smoking keeps them up, physically and emotionally, as nicotine has similar effects to caffeine. Others say it boosts their self confidence at gatherings and that it helps them make new friends.